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Questions and Answers
What triggers the formation of the corpus luteum (CL) after ovulation?
What triggers the formation of the corpus luteum (CL) after ovulation?
Which hormone is predominantly produced by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?
Which hormone is predominantly produced by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase?
What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?
What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?
How does human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) affect the corpus luteum during pregnancy?
How does human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) affect the corpus luteum during pregnancy?
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What initiates the rescue of preantral stage follicles from atresia at the end of the luteal phase?
What initiates the rescue of preantral stage follicles from atresia at the end of the luteal phase?
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Study Notes
The Luteal Phase
- Extends from ovulation to menstruation, lasting about 14 days.
- Characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum (CL).
Corpus Luteum (CL) Formation
- After ovulation, granulosa cells undergo luteinization.
- Surrounding theca cells, capillaries, and connective tissue also contribute to the CL.
- Luteinized cells accumulate a yellow pigment (lutein).
Role of the CL
- Responds to continuous pituitary LH stimulation.
- Produces high levels of progesterone (P) and smaller amounts of estrogen (E2)
- Releases little inhibin, decreasing FSH and LH production hindering new follicle growth.
- Secretory changes occur in the endometrium, preparing it for embryo implantation.
Fate of the CL
- Duration typically 14 days, lasting around 9 days after ovulation.
- Undergoes luteolysis if no pregnancy occurs; breaking down by apoptosis.
- Transforms into a avascular corpus albicans.
Role of the CL in Pregnancy
- If pregnancy occurs, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) maintains progesterone production by the CL until placental steroidogenesis is established (around 8th week of pregnancy).
CL Decline and Cycle Regeneration
- When the CL dies, levels of E2, P, and inhibin decrease.
- Pituitary gland is released from negative feedback of these hormones.
- FSH levels increase, allowing follicles to develop and start a new cycle.
- Preantral follicles are saved from atresia.
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Description
Explore the critical role of the luteal phase in the menstrual cycle, extending from ovulation to menstruation. This quiz covers the formation, function, and fate of the corpus luteum, including its hormonal effects and changes during pregnancy. Test your knowledge on this essential reproductive process.
