The Life of Prophet Muhammad

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Questions and Answers

What was the name of Abrahah's elephant?

Mahmud

What did the birds carry in their claws that they used to attack Abrahah's army?

Stones

In what year did the Year of the Elephant occur, according to the Christian calendar?

570

What did the Arabs say about the Quraysh after Allah repelled the Abyssinians from Makkah?

<p>They said they were the people of Allah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the father of the Prophet Muhammad?

<p>'Abdullah</p> Signup and view all the answers

To whom was 'Abdullah married?

<p>Aminah</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to 'Abdullah shortly after he married Aminah?

<p>He died</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aminah see or experience that made her believe her son would be important?

<p>Signs and indications</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event occurred when the infant Muhammad was with the Banu Sa'd?

<p>Two angels split open his chest, removed a black clot, cleansed his heart, and replaced it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of Muhammad's upbringing with the Banu Sa'd?

<p>He was reared in an uncomplicated, natural environment, tended sheep, and spoke pure Arabic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did Aminah, the mother of Muhammad, die?

<p>She died at al-Abwa' between Makkah and Madinah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who took care of Muhammad after the death of his mother?

<p>His grandfather, 'Abdu'l-Muttalib, took care of him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who became Muhammad’s guardian after the death of his grandfather?

<p>His uncle, Abu Talib, became his guardian.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What character traits did Muhammad possess as he grew up?

<p>He was known for his manliness, character, modesty, truthfulness and trustworthiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Muhammad play in the Fijar War?

<p>He passed arrows to his uncles to fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides family ties, what were other qualities of the Prophet's character?

<p>He shared burdens of others, honoured his guests, demonstrated piety and fear of God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What item did the Messenger of Allah place in the center of the cloth to resolve the dispute among the Quraysh clans?

<p>The Black Stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the alliance formed to support the wronged man from Zabid?

<p>Hilf al-Fudul</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Hilf al-Fudul formed in Makkah?

<p>To defend a man named Zabidi from al-'As ibn Wa'il who withheld payment for merchandise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the young, fair-minded men of Makkah respond to the Zabidi's appeal?

<p>They met and formed a pact, Hilf al-Fudul, to support the wronged man.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific action did the members of the Hilf al-Fudul take to help the merchant from Zabid?

<p>They went to Al-'As ibn Wa'il, took what was owed to Zabidi, and gave it to him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was it considered a benefit that the Messenger of Allah was 'unlettered'?

<p>It prevented his enemies from accusing him of altering other ideologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Quraysh agree to do as part of the Hilf al-Fudul?

<p>To restore to everyone what was their due and not to allow aggressors to get the better of those they wronged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Messenger of Allah say about his participation in the Hilf al-Fudul after receiving the message of Islam?

<p>That he would still participate in it if invited, demonstrating its importance and respect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the first words spoken to the Prophet during his first revelation?

<p>&quot;Read in the name of your Lord Who created, created man of a blood-clot. Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, Who taught by the Pen, taught man what he did not know.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Prophet's initial reaction to his encounter when he returned home?

<p>He was very frightened and trembling, asking to be wrapped up because he feared for himself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Khadijah initially respond to the Prophet's distress and fear?

<p>She reassures him Allah would not disgrace him, citing his good character and deeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Khadijah's reasoning that the Prophet did not need to be fearful?

<p>She believed his character was incompatible with being affected by Satan or jinn because of his good character and Allah's wisdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who did Khadijah consult after the incident with the Prophet?

<p>She consulted her cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Waraqah ibn Nawfal's religious background?

<p>He had become a Christian and had learned much from the Torah and the Evangel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Waraqah tell the Prophet about his experience?

<p>He told him that he was a prophet and that the same Great Spirit had come to him that came to Musa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Khadijah mean when she said, "You maintain close ties with your relations, you bear others' burdens and give people what they need?"

<p>She was recounting some of the Prophet's admirable character traits and how his conduct was pleasing to Allah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Quraysh declare regarding marriage and trade with the Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib?

<p>They declared they would not marry their women, give any in marriage to them, sell them goods, or buy anything from them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Quraysh display the document announcing the boycott and why?

<p>The Quraysh displayed the document inside the Ka'bah to give it authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two clans gathered around Abu Talib in a narrow valley of Makkah?

<p>The Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib gathered around Abu Talib.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the only member of Banu Hashim who did not join them and instead aligned himself with the Quraysh?

<p>Abu Lahab ibn ‗Abdu'l-Muttalib aligned himself with the Quraysh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What extreme measure did the Banu Hashim resort to because of the food scarcity caused by the boycott?

<p>They had to eat the leaves of trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led a group of fair-minded Quraysh to end the unjust boycott?

<p>Hisham ibn 'Amr ibn Rabi'ah led the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Zuhayr ibn Abi Umayyah declare regarding the boycott imposed on the Banu Hashim?

<p>He declared he would not sit down until the unjust document was torn up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did they find when they went to tear down the document, and what had caused it?

<p>They found that insects had eaten all of it except for the words 'In Your name, O Allah'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the people of Ta'if do to the Messenger of Allah when he visited their town?

<p>They stoned him until he was bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Messenger of Allah's response when the angel of the mountains offered to destroy Ta'if?

<p>He refused, hoping that Allah would bring forth from them those who would worship Allah alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was 'Addas, and how did he interact with the Messenger of Allah?

<p>'Addas was a Christian slave who was sent by his masters, 'Utbah ibn Rabi'ah and Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah, to give grapes to the Messenger of Allah. He then converted to Islam, due to being impressed by his kindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Messenger of Allah complain to Allah about after being rejected in Ta'if?

<p>He complained of his weakness, lack of resources, and humiliation before men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Messenger of Allah say he was seeking refuge in?

<p>He sought refuge in the light of Allah's face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the night journey from Masjid al-Haram to Masjid al-Aqsa?

<p>It was a journey to experience the proximity to Allah, witness His signs, and meet the earlier Prophets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was given to the Messenger of Allah as a form of 'generous hospitality' after his difficult experience in Ta'if?

<p>He was given solace and compensation for the distress he had endured, through the night journey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what state did the Messenger of Allah return to his people in Makkah, after his trip to Ta'if?

<p>He returned to Makkah where his people were even more opposed to him than they had been previously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Early Life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

The period in the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) before his prophethood, when he was raised by the Banu Sa'd tribe.

Splitting of the Chest

A significant event in the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) early life where angels cleansed his heart and replaced a black clot.

Death of Aminah

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)'s mother, Aminah, passed away when he was six years old during a journey back from visiting relatives in Yathrib.

Death of 'Abdu'l-Muttalib

The Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) grandfather, 'Abdu'l-Muttalib, died when he was eight years old.

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Living with Abu Talib

After the death of his grandfather, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) went to live with his uncle, Abu Talib, who treated him with great kindness.

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Growing Up as a Youth

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was raised by Abu Talib and protected by Allah, growing up to be a man of respect, truthfulness, and trustworthiness.

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Jahiliyyah

A period of time in pre-Islamic Arabia marked by social and moral corruption.

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Piety and Self-Sufficiency

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) demonstrated a strong sense of piety and fear of God, living modestly and providing his own food.

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The Year of the Elephant

The year in which Abrahah, the Abyssinian ruler, attempted to destroy the Kaaba in Makkah.

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Abrahah

The ruler of Yemen who attempted to destroy the Kaaba in Makkah.

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The Battle of the Elephant

The event in which Abrahah's army, equipped with an elephant, was defeated by a flock of birds carrying stones.

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The Kaaba

The most important sanctuary in Islam, located in Makkah. It is believed to have been built by Abraham and his son Ishmael.

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Abdullah

The father of the Prophet Muhammad. He died young, leaving his wife Aminah pregnant.

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Aminah

The mother of the Prophet Muhammad.

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Abdul-Muttalib

The leader of the Quraysh tribe during the Year of the Elephant.

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Mahmud

The name of the elephant, which was part of Abrahah's army, that refused to move forward.

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What was the Hilf al-Fudul Alliance?

A pact in Mecca formed to protect the rights of individuals against powerful factions, particularly when dealing with disputes over payment.

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What was the catalyst for the Hilf al-Fudul Alliance?

A man from Zabid arrived in Mecca with merchandise and Al-'As ibn Wa'il, a Quraysh noble, withheld payment after purchasing goods. The Zabidi was refused help by the Quraysh, but fair-minded young men formed an alliance to seek justice.

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What was the core principle behind the Hilf al-Fudul Alliance?

They vowed to stand with those wronged, ensuring their rights were enforced, even if it meant confronting powerful individuals.

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Why was the Hilf al-Fudul alliance important to the Messenger of Allah?

The Messenger of Allah was present at the signing of the Hilf al-Fudul alliance and regarded it as a positive example of justice and righteousness.

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What about the Hilf al-Fudul alliance made the Messenger of Allah proud?

The Messenger of Allah admired Hilf al-Fudul because it prioritized justice and fairness, even when it meant challenging authority.

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Why was the Messenger of Allah's lack of literacy important?

The Messenger of Allah's inability to read or write ensured he could not be accused of copying or altering the teachings of other religions.

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What legacy did the Hilf al-Fudul alliance leave?

The Hilf al-Fudul alliance established a commitment to fairness and protecting those facing injustice.

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First Revelation

The first revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad, in which he was commanded to read in the name of God.

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The First Verses of the Quran

The name of the first verses of the Quran revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. They emphasize the importance of knowledge, the power of the Creator, and the role of the pen in human learning.

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Khadijah

Muhammad's wife, Khadijah, known for her intelligence, faith, and support during the early years of prophethood. Recognizing the divine nature of her husband's experience, she encouraged and reassured him.

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Waraqah ibn Nawfal

A Christian scholar and cousin of Khadijah who had knowledge of the Torah and the Evangel. He recognized the divine nature of Muhammad's experience and confirmed his status as a prophet.

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Khadijah's Faith

The belief that Allah would never disgrace the Messenger of Allah, based on his good character and actions, which reflected the divine favor he received.

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Read in the Name of Your Lord

The act of reading in the name of God, emphasizing the importance of using knowledge for good and seeking understanding.

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The First Day of Prophethood

The first day of Muhammad's prophethood, marked by the revelation of the first verses of the Quran, signifying the start of his mission to spread the message of Islam.

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Great Spirit

The spirit that came to Moses, also believed to have come to Muhammad during his first revelation. It is often referred to as the Spirit of Truth or the Holy Spirit.

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The Boycott of Banu Hashim

A social and economic boycott imposed by the Quraysh tribe of Mecca on the Banu Hashim clan, including the Prophet Muhammad. The boycott was in response to Muhammad's preaching of Islam.

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Who was Abu Talib?

The leader of the Banu Hashim clan and the Prophet Mohammad's uncle. He fiercely defended and protected his nephew during the boycott.

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How did the boycott affect the Banu Hashim?

The boycott was so strict that the Banu Hashim were forbidden from trade and were unable to buy or sell goods.

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Who enforced the boycott?

The ban was enforced by the Quraysh tribe, who declared that they would not interact with the Banu Hashim in any way.

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What was the end goal of the boycott?

The Quraysh declared that the boycott would not end until Muhammad stopped preaching Islam.

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How long did the boycott last?

The boycott lasted for three years, causing great hardship and suffering for the Banu Hashim.

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Who helped end the boycott of Banu Hashim?

Hisham ibn 'Amr ibn Rabi'ah, a fair-minded Quraysh leader, was instrumental in ending the boycott. Seeing the injustice, he persuaded others to speak out against it.

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How did the boycott ultimately end?

The Quraysh's agreement to end the boycott was invalidated when it was discovered that insects had eaten the document, leaving only the words 'In Your name, O Allah.'

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The Persecution in Ta'if

The people of Ta'if were hostile towards the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and attacked him with stones, injuring him severely.

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The Prophet's Supplication in Ta'if

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) prayed to Allah, expressing his vulnerability and seeking His protection, demonstrating his trust and reliance on God.

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The Angel's Offer in Ta'if

The angel of the mountains offered to crush the city of Ta'if with its two peaks, but the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) declined, hoping that good would emerge from those who had wronged him.

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The Kindness of 'Addas

A Christian slave named 'Addas was moved by compassion for the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and offered him grapes. This act of kindness led to his conversion.

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The Night Journey and Ascension

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) traveled at night from Makkah to Jerusalem and then ascended to the heavens, experiencing spiritual and divine encounters.

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Experiences during the Ascension

During his ascension, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) saw the signs of Allah and met earlier prophets. This was a momentous spiritual experience.

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The Solace After Ta'if

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)'s spiritual journey was a means of strengthening him after the trials in Ta'if, offering him solace and compensation.

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The Night Journey and Ascension as a Miracle

The Prophet Mohammad (PBUH)'s Night Journey and Ascension is considered a miraculous event in Islam, demonstrating his divinely chosen status and the power of faith.

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Study Notes

Before Prophethood

  • Ibrahim journeyed to Makkah, a valley with no water, unsuitable for human life.
  • Ibrahim, accompanied by his wife Hajar and son Isma'il, fled idol worship.
  • Ibrahim intended to establish a centre for worshipping Allah alone, a beacon of faith and guidance.
  • Allah blessed the spot with Zamzam spring providing water for survival.
  • Ibrahim visited his family and intended to sacrifice Isma'il, demonstrating his love for Allah.
  • Isma'il agreed to the sacrifice, but Allah provided a ram as a substitute.
  • Ibrahim and Isma'il together built the Ka'bah, the House of Allah.
  • Ibrahim prayed that the Ka'bah would be a beacon of worship and that Allah would send a prophet from his descendants.
  • Quraysh, a notable tribe, controlled Makkah.
  • Idol worship was prevalent in Makkah before Islam.
  • Powerful chiefs like Qusayy and Fihr led the Quraysh tribe, overseeing Makkah's affairs.
  • Hashim, a prominent Quraysh leader, provided water and sustenance for pilgrims.
  • Abdu'l-Muttalib cared for pilgrims and people in Makkah, a revered figure.

After Prophethood

  • The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was 40 when his first glimpses of light appeared.
  • He often retreated to the Cave of Hira for reflection.
  • The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) received revelations in the Cave of Hira, marking a pivotal moment.
  • The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was frightened and told Khadijah.
  • The first revelations were about the creation of humankind and the role of the Qur'an.
  • Khadijah believed him and supported the Messenger, recognizing his exceptional character.
  • The Quraysh opposed the Prophet due to the threat to their faith.
  • The Quraysh boycotted the Banu Hashim tribe who housed the Prophet.
  • The boycott lasted for three years, causing hardship and distress to the tribe.
  • Ultimately the boycott was lifted due to the intervention of a group of the Quraysh.
  • Muslims migrated to Abyssinia fleeing persecution.
  • The migration and the later Pledge of Aqabah were important steps in the early spread of Islam.

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