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Questions and Answers
Who were the four key contenders for leadership in Russia in 1923?
Who were the four key contenders for leadership in Russia in 1923?
- Lenin, Zinoviev, Bukharin, Trotsky
- Stalin, Lenin, Trotsky, Bukharin
- Zinoviev, Bukharin, Trotsky, Kamenev
- Stalin, Zinoviev, Bukharin, Trotsky (correct)
Who formed an alliance with Stalin known as the Duumvirate?
Who formed an alliance with Stalin known as the Duumvirate?
- Zinoviev
- Bukharin (correct)
- Trotsky
- Kamenev
Who was considered a true Leninist due to his close relationship with Lenin?
Who was considered a true Leninist due to his close relationship with Lenin?
- Stalin
- Trotsky
- Bukharin
- Zinoviev (correct)
Which of the following individuals did Lenin accuse of being too willing to use violence in his Testament?
Which of the following individuals did Lenin accuse of being too willing to use violence in his Testament?
Who did Lenin trust with important administrative tasks and support for promotion to the position of General Secretary in 1921?
Who did Lenin trust with important administrative tasks and support for promotion to the position of General Secretary in 1921?
Which two ideas did Stalin advocate that became the new ideological orthodoxy of the Communist Party by 1928?
Which two ideas did Stalin advocate that became the new ideological orthodoxy of the Communist Party by 1928?
Which of the following best describes the change in the nature of the Communist Party between 1923 and 1928?
Which of the following best describes the change in the nature of the Communist Party between 1923 and 1928?
What was the key to gaining power in the Soviet Union?
What was the key to gaining power in the Soviet Union?
Why was replacing Lenin as the leader of the Soviet Union not a matter of winning a post in the government?
Why was replacing Lenin as the leader of the Soviet Union not a matter of winning a post in the government?
What was Stalin's strategy for emerging as the undisputed leader of the Party?
What was Stalin's strategy for emerging as the undisputed leader of the Party?
What crime did Stalin accuse Bukharin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev of committing?
What crime did Stalin accuse Bukharin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev of committing?
What change did Stalin introduce in Party membership to help win the leadership struggle?
What change did Stalin introduce in Party membership to help win the leadership struggle?
What was the impact of the increase in Party membership initiated by Stalin?
What was the impact of the increase in Party membership initiated by Stalin?
How did Stalin weaken Party democracy between 1921 and 1928?
How did Stalin weaken Party democracy between 1921 and 1928?
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Study Notes
Contenders for Leadership in 1923
- In 1923, the four key contenders for leadership in Russia were Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev.
The Duumvirate
- Stalin formed an alliance with Zinoviev known as the Duumvirate.
True Leninist
- Trotsky was considered a true Leninist due to his close relationship with Lenin.
Lenin's Accusations
- Lenin accused Trotsky of being too willing to use violence in his Testament.
Lenin's Trust
- Lenin trusted Stalin with important administrative tasks and supported his promotion to the position of General Secretary in 1921.
Stalin's Ideological Orthodoxy
- By 1928, Stalin advocated for the ideas of Socialism in One Country and the Five-Year Plan, which became the new ideological orthodoxy of the Communist Party.
Change in Communist Party
- Between 1923 and 1928, the Communist Party changed from a democratic party with a collective leadership to a dictatorial party with a single leader.
Key to Gaining Power
- The key to gaining power in the Soviet Union was control of the Party apparatus.
Replacing Lenin
- Replacing Lenin as the leader of the Soviet Union was not a matter of winning a post in the government, but rather winning control of the Party.
Stalin's Strategy
- Stalin's strategy for emerging as the undisputed leader of the Party was to build a loyal base of support among the Party apparatus and gradually eliminate his opponents.
Accusations Against Bukharin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev
- Stalin accused Bukharin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev of committing the crime of factionalism.
Change in Party Membership
- Stalin introduced a change in Party membership, allowing for a mass influx of new members, to help win the leadership struggle.
Impact of Increased Party Membership
- The increase in Party membership initiated by Stalin led to a dilution of the Party's intellectual and revolutionary spirit, and a shift towards a more bureaucratic and conservative Party.
Weakening Party Democracy
- Stalin weakened Party democracy between 1921 and 1928 by purging opponents, eliminating democratic institutions, and introducing a cult of personality.
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