The Knapp Commission and Police Corruption
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Questions and Answers

What does legitimacy refer to in the context of policing?

  • The number of arrests made by police officers
  • The level of training received by police officers
  • The subjective appraisal by citizens of police conduct (correct)
  • The financial costs of police misconduct cases
  • How does the perception of fairness affect beliefs about legal authority's legitimacy?

  • Fair treatment typically leads to stronger beliefs in legitimacy (correct)
  • Unfair treatment increases trust in the legal system
  • Individuals believe that all legal authorities are corrupt
  • Fair treatment has no effect on perceived legitimacy
  • Which type of experience influences perceptions of police officer legitimacy?

  • Both direct and vicarious experiences (correct)
  • Primarily direct experiences during encounters
  • Only vicarious experiences from media reports
  • Individual beliefs unrelated to experiences
  • What might be a consequence of expensive police misconduct cases for municipalities?

    <p>Funding cuts to reform efforts and training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tom Tyler assert about the relationship between fair treatment and perceptions of police legitimacy?

    <p>Fair treatment strengthens beliefs in legitimacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from feeling disrespected by police during an encounter?

    <p>Reduced trust in the legitimacy of the officer's conduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the formation of subjective appraisals about policing?

    <p>Both personal experiences and observations of others' interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is primarily affected by police misconduct cases beyond financial costs?

    <p>Community trust in law enforcement agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason why the public often reacts strongly to incidents involving police use of force?

    <p>They illustrate the negative outcomes from a misuse of police discretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research indicates that police use force in what percentage of citizen encounters annually?

    <p>Less than 2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of force is most commonly used by police during encounters?

    <p>Non-lethal means such as grabbing or shoving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of police use of force shows a significant racial disparity?

    <p>Disproportionate effects on minorities, particularly African Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does police misconduct manifest apart from the use of force?

    <p>Through various forms including corruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implicit in the analogy comparing police force to a surgeon's tools?

    <p>Police should use the least invasive amount of force when resolving encounters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of encounters are most likely to result in the use of force by police?

    <p>Encounters where the suspect is resisting arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is contextualizing police use of force important?

    <p>To address the infrequency of force used overall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major conclusion did the Knapp Commission reach regarding grass eaters compared to meat eaters?

    <p>Grass eaters outnumbered meat eaters significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average financial gain that some police officers were making monthly during the 1970s, as noted by the Knapp Commission?

    <p>$3,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as a 'code of silence' in the context of police corruption?

    <p>The reluctance of officers to discuss corrupt activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much did municipalities in the U.S. pay in total for police misconduct resolutions from 2006 to 2011?

    <p>$735 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the findings of the Knapp Commission, which group had a greater propensity for corruption?

    <p>Grass eaters because they accepted graft opportunistically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does police misconduct have on municipalities, as highlighted in the content?

    <p>It results in significant financial costs to municipalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were grass eaters considered more problematic than meat eaters by the Knapp Commission?

    <p>They were more numerous and concealed their actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of police misconduct remains a challenge today, as noted in the content?

    <p>The ongoing issue of police corruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Knapp Commission and Police Corruption

    • The Knapp Commission, a famous inquiry into police corruption in the 1970s, revealed widespread bribery within the New York City Police Department.
    • Officers were accepting bribes for turning a blind eye to illegal activities, with some officers earning $3,500 a month.
    • The commission identified two types of corrupt officers:
      • Grass eaters: Accepted bribes that came their way, but didn't actively seek them.
      • Meat eaters: Actively solicited opportunities for financial gain and engaged in serious corruption.
    • Grass eaters were considered a bigger problem due to their sheer numbers and tendency to operate in secrecy.
    • This secrecy created a "code of silence," hindering attempts to clean up corruption.

    Impact of Police Misconduct

    • Police misconduct is a costly problem for municipalities, with payouts for claims exceeding $735 million between 2006 and 2011.
    • Municipalities bear the brunt of the financial responsibility for police misconduct cases, with individual officers contributing relatively small amounts.

    Police Use of Force

    • Police use force is generally infrequent, estimated to occur in less than 2% of encounters.
    • When police use force, it typically involves lower-level actions like grabbing, pushing, or shoving.
    • Force is most commonly used during arrests when the suspect is resisting.
    • While police use force infrequently, it disproportionately affects minorities, particularly African Americans.

    Police Legitimacy and Trust

    • Police legitimacy refers to public perception of the lawfulness and fairness of police actions.
    • People form opinions about police legitimacy based on direct and vicarious experiences.
    • Direct experiences are personal encounters with police.
    • Vicarious experiences involve witnessing or hearing about police encounters with others.
    • Fairness in police actions is crucial for maintaining public trust and legitimacy.
    • Legitimacy is influenced by an individual's perception of fair treatment during police interactions.

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    Description

    Explore the findings of the Knapp Commission, which investigated police corruption in New York City during the 1970s. Learn about the distinctions between grass eaters and meat eaters, and understand the broader implications of police misconduct on municipalities. This quiz delves into significant issues related to law enforcement and accountability.

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