The Industrial Revolution

Causes of the Second Industrial Revolution

• New forms of energy, such as electricity and petroleum, replaced traditional sources like coal and steam, driving technological advancements.
• Innovations in transportation, like the construction of canals and railroads, facilitated the movement of goods and people.

Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution

• Urbanization: People moved from rural areas to cities, leading to the growth of new social classes and changes in family structures.
• Increased economic inequality: Factory owners and managers accumulated wealth, while workers faced poor working conditions and low wages.

Criticisms of Industrialization

• Exploitation of workers: Long working hours, low wages, and hazardous conditions sparked critiques of industrialization's social impact.
• Environmental degradation: The rapid growth of industries led to pollution, deforestation, and habitat destruction, harming the environment.
• Loss of traditional ways of life: Industrialization threatened the existence of rural communities and traditional crafts.

Test your knowledge on the history and impact of the Industrial Revolution with this comprehensive quiz. From the etymology of the term to the social effects and important technological developments, this quiz covers it all. Brush up on your knowledge of the Second Industrial Revolution, causes, criticisms, and industrialization beyond Great Britain. See how much you truly know about this pivotal moment in history.