30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a category of pneumonia mentioned in the text?
Health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP)
What is the best way to assess patients for risk of infection with a resistant organism?
Assessing patients individually on the basis of risk factors
Which of the following is a risk factor for infection with MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
All of the above
What percentage of community-acquired pneumonia cases are estimated to be aspiration pneumonia?
5-10%
Which of the following is a key factor in the development of pneumonia?
The proliferation of microbial pathogens at the alveolar level
What is the constitution of the lung microbiota determined by?
All of the above
What triggers the inflammatory event that may result in pneumonia?
Viral infection compounded by microaspiration of oropharyngeal organisms
What may cause respiratory failure in severe cases of pneumonia?
Changes in lung mechanics secondary to reductions in lung volume
Which of the following is a risk factor for pneumococcal pneumonia?
Cerebrovascular disease
What is the mortality rate among hospitalized patients with CAP?
~40%
What is the overall yearly cost of CAP in the United States?
$17 billion
Which of the following is a likely pathogen in patients with severe structural lung disease?
P. aeruginosa
Which of the following is the most reliable method for detecting Legionnaires' disease in severe cases and situations with relevant epidemiologic factors?
Urinary antigen tests
Which of the following is NOT recommended for all hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
Sputum Gram's stain and culture
Which of the following biomarkers is considered less sensitive than procalcitonin (PCT) for detecting bacterial pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for diagnosing respiratory viral infection?
Blood cultures
Which of the following is true about the clinical presentation of pneumonia in elderly patients?
Elderly patients often display new-onset or worsening confusion as the main manifestation.
What is the sensitivity of findings on physical examination in diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
58%
Which of the following is a reason for attempting an etiologic diagnosis in pneumonia cases?
To identify a specific or unexpected pathogen
What is the main purpose of the sputum Gram's stain in pneumonia cases?
To ensure suitability of the sputum sample for culture
Which tool can help minimize unnecessary hospital admissions for patients with CAP?
Both the PSI and CURB-65 criteria
What are the mortality rates for class 4 patients according to the PSI?
8.2%
Which variable is NOT included in the CURB-65 criteria?
Confusion (C)
Which patients can be treated as outpatients according to the CURB-65 criteria?
Patients with a score of 0
Which tool assigns patients to classes based on mortality rates?
The Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI)
What factor does the cost of inpatient management exceed outpatient treatment by?
20
Which of the following is NOT a potential etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which phase of classic pneumonia corresponds with the successful containment of the infection and improvement in gas exchange?
Gray hepatization
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the final resolution phase of classic pneumonia?
Increase in inflammation
Which of the following is NOT a potential mechanism causing congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, or stroke?
Pulmonary embolism
Test your knowledge on the importance of early culture testing in intubated ICU patients. Learn how timely staining and culturing of respiratory secretions can help identify unexpected and resistant pathogens, aiding physicians in providing appropriate treatment. Explore the impact of pathogen differences in severe and mild CAP cases.
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