The Importance of Early Culture Testing in ICU Patients
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of pneumonia mentioned in the text?

  • Health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP) (correct)
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
  • Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
  • Community acquired pneumonia (CAP)

    • What is the best way to assess patients for risk of infection with a resistant organism?

  • Assessing patients individually on the basis of risk factors (correct)
  • Categorizing pneumonia cases as community acquired or hospital-acquired
  • Relying on a predefined subset of pneumonia cases
  • Using broad-spectrum antibiotics

    • Which of the following is a risk factor for infection with MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  • Recent hospitalization
  • Recent antibiotic use
  • Isolation of the organism from the respiratory tract
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What percentage of community-acquired pneumonia cases are estimated to be aspiration pneumonia?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor in the development of pneumonia?

    <p>The proliferation of microbial pathogens at the alveolar level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the constitution of the lung microbiota determined by?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the inflammatory event that may result in pneumonia?

    <p>Viral infection compounded by microaspiration of oropharyngeal organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause respiratory failure in severe cases of pneumonia?

    <p>Changes in lung mechanics secondary to reductions in lung volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for pneumococcal pneumonia?

    <p>Cerebrovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate among hospitalized patients with CAP?

    <p>~40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall yearly cost of CAP in the United States?

    <p>$17 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a likely pathogen in patients with severe structural lung disease?

    <p>P. aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most reliable method for detecting Legionnaires' disease in severe cases and situations with relevant epidemiologic factors?

    <p>Urinary antigen tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended for all hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

    <p>Sputum Gram's stain and culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biomarkers is considered less sensitive than procalcitonin (PCT) for detecting bacterial pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

    <p>C-reactive protein (CRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for diagnosing respiratory viral infection?

    <p>Blood cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the clinical presentation of pneumonia in elderly patients?

    <p>Elderly patients often display new-onset or worsening confusion as the main manifestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensitivity of findings on physical examination in diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

    <p>58%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for attempting an etiologic diagnosis in pneumonia cases?

    <p>To identify a specific or unexpected pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the sputum Gram's stain in pneumonia cases?

    <p>To ensure suitability of the sputum sample for culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can help minimize unnecessary hospital admissions for patients with CAP?

    <p>Both the PSI and CURB-65 criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mortality rates for class 4 patients according to the PSI?

    <p>8.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable is NOT included in the CURB-65 criteria?

    <p>Confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patients can be treated as outpatients according to the CURB-65 criteria?

    <p>Patients with a score of 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool assigns patients to classes based on mortality rates?

    <p>The Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does the cost of inpatient management exceed outpatient treatment by?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of classic pneumonia corresponds with the successful containment of the infection and improvement in gas exchange?

    <p>Gray hepatization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the final resolution phase of classic pneumonia?

    <p>Increase in inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential mechanism causing congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, or stroke?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

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