The Impact of Printing on Information and Libraries

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Questions and Answers

What key issue arose during the transition from manuscript to print, regarding textual integrity?

Divergence between authorial intent shifts in the texts over time, and user interpretation. (correct)
Reduced accessibility of texts for the common reader.
Increased cost of manuscript production.
Standardization of handwriting styles in scriptoriums.

How did the introduction of printing technology impact access to information?

It had minimal impact due to the limitations in distributing printed materials.
It decreased the scarcity of information, contributing to increases in literacy. (correct)
It made information exclusive to the wealthy elite.
It led to a decrease in literacy due to the complexity of printed texts.

Sebastian Brant's "Literary Fool" satirizes what emerging problem related to the increased availability of books?

The high cost of printed materials preventing acquisition.
The decline in the quality of written content due to mass production.
The physical strain of reading large volumes.
The overwhelming accumulation of unhelpful or irrelevant information. (correct)

What methods were employed to regulate the spread of ideas via the new medium of print?

Implementing censorship and propaganda to control information. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Francis Bacon advocate in The Novum Organum as a solution to the spread of unverified information?

Prioritizing direct observation and empirical evidence over unverified sources. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a librarian when assisting users in discovering new information?

Delicately encourage the discovery of new facts by using open-ended questions and offering more advanced sources. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'illusory truth effect' in the context of misinformation?

It describes how repeated exposure to false information increases the likelihood of it being accepted as true. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can libraries combat the illusory truth effect and the spread of misinformation?

By introducing users to fact-checking tools and sources of quality information. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of cognitive biases that makes them difficult to address?

They are stubborn and hard to debunk. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of librarians in understanding and addressing cognitive biases among their users?

To promote critical thinking and empower individuals to distinguish nuances in information. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT generally a characteristic of a reliable information source?

Information that contradicts all other sources. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the CRAAP method, what factor refers to the timeliness of the information?

Currency (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of evaluating information sources, what does 'Authority' primarily assess, according to the CRAAP method?

The qualifications and expertise of the source's creator. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the CRAAP method involves verifying information by cross-referencing with other sources?

Accuracy (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the CRAAP method, what should users evaluate when considering the 'Purpose' of a source?

Whether the source is intended to inform, persuade, entertain, or sell something. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when applying the 'Currency' principle of the CRAAP method to information about new medical treatments?

The date the information was published or last updated. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CRAAP method?

To evaluate the reliability of information sources. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive process is most closely associated with the phenomenon where repeated exposure to a statement increases its perceived truthfulness, even if it's known to be false?

The illusory truth effect (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind politically motivated reinforcement seeking regarding fake news consumption?

Individuals are more likely to seek out and trust information that confirms their existing political beliefs, regardless of its veracity. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does intellectual humility relate to the susceptibility of believing in fake news and conspiracy theories?

Higher intellectual humility correlates with decreased susceptibility to fake news and conspiracy theories. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of 'rumor cascades' in the context of fake news?

The rapid spread of unverified information through social networks, often involving repeated sharing and modification. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role might cognitive biases play in the formation and maintenance of conspiracy beliefs?

They can strongly influence the interpretation of evidence and the acceptance of unfounded claims made in conspiracy theories. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does analytic thinking relate to a person's trust in or distrust of conspiracy theories?

Higher analytic thinking skills are associated with greater distrust in conspiracy theories. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Dunning-Kruger effect and the believability of fake news?

The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that individuals with lower competence tend to overestimate their knowledge or abilities, potentially leading them to be more susceptible to believing fake news because they are less able to critically evaluate the information. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of emotion in the detection and resistance of fake news?

Strong emotional responses can hinder critical evaluation and make individuals more susceptible to believing and sharing fake news. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gutenberg press

A printing technology that revolutionized information dissemination from the mid-15th century.

Information overload

A state where individuals are overwhelmed by too much information, noted since 1494.