51 Questions
What percentage of 14 to 18-year-old males in the U.S. had viewed pornography, according to the survey?
84.4%
At what age did young women in the Australian survey typically first see pornography?
16
What percentage of young men surveyed in Australia indicated that they viewed pornography at least once per week over the past 12 months?
56%
How much website traffic in the U.S. did porn sites receive compared to Twitter, Instagram, Netflix, Pinterest, and LinkedIn combined, as of May 2021?
More
What technological developments in the late 1980s facilitated the consumption of pornography?
Rendering digital photographic images on personal computer screens and storage of files on hard drives
What has facilitated the increased consumption of pornography among U.S. young adults since the 1980s?
Cheaper and easier production and platforms for delivery
What led to substantial increases in online pornography use during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Significant rises in traffic and searches for 'coronavirus' on Pornhub after offering free Premium access
What does empirical evidence suggest about the correlation between daily new cases of COVID-19 and Pornhub traffic?
Positively correlated with an increase in Pornhub traffic
What potential impact did the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns have on people with problematic pornography use?
Led to increases in social isolation, loneliness, and stress, potentially driving people with problematic pornography use to relapse
What was associated with a sharp increase in porn searches in nations where the COVID-19 virus was widespread?
COVID-19
Aside from sexual arousal, what other factors are linked with greater use of pornography?
Coping, emotional avoidance, and boredom
What can pornography depict that can influence young people's sexual socialization?
Behaviors that adults do not perceive as mainstream or enjoyable
What is the correlation between perceived realism of pornography and its influence on an individual’s sexual development?
Positive correlation
What is associated with heterosexual men’s interest and engagement in dominant behaviors?
Their consumption of pornography
How does pornography often depict women?
As entities whose primary function is male sexual gratification
What is the current status of the reliability of pornography consumption as a correlate of sexually aggressive behavior?
Continues to be debated
What was the main focus of the meta-analysis by Wright, Tokunga, Kraus in 2015?
The association between pornography consumption and sexual aggression
How many studies were included in the meta-analysis by Wright, Tokunga, Kraus?
22 studies
Which type of aggression showed a stronger association with pornography consumption?
Verbal aggression
What were the theoretical underpinnings mentioned in the meta-analysis?
Cognitive Priming Theory and Social Learning Theory
What did critics of the media violence link suggest?
Individual differences due to biology and personality were not adequately accounted for in the General Aggression Model
What was linked to short and long-term increases in aggression?
Exposure to media violence
What did theoretical underpinnings also include?
Gender Schema Theory and Sexual Script Theory
What were critics of the media violence link questioning?
The validity and relevance of social cognitive theories
What did critics question about the validity of laboratory measures of aggression?
The validity of laboratory measures of aggression
What was the external validity of eliciting aggressiveness in a lab criticized for?
The external validity of eliciting aggressiveness in a lab
What type of studies showed associations between pornography consumption and sexual aggression?
Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
In which countries were associations between pornography consumption and sexual aggression observed?
Both the US and internationally
What is the average weekly online time for teens?
14.4 hours
What is a top negative online experience for teens according to the text?
Receiving inappropriate, unwanted content
Which website mentioned has no barriers to entry for under 18s?
Pornhub
What is the range of prevalence rates of intentional exposure to pornography?
7% to 59%
What is the range of prevalence rates for unintentional exposure to pornography?
19% to 84%
What percentage of children aged 11-16 had been exposed to pornography according to a UK survey?
At least half
What percentage of young Australians aged 15-20 had viewed pornography?
87%
How were young women more likely to have first come across pornography?
By accident
What percentage of young women reported that they think that pornography is not at all realistic?
62%
According to theoretical review, what is consumption of pornography considered as?
A credible risk factor in the perpetration of aggression and violence against women
What is common about early exposure to pornography according to the text?
Common
What were IP viewing motivations linked to according to the text?
Mood management or emotional avoidance
What factor was positively associated with problematic IP viewing, stereotypical gendered attitudes, and IP-congruent beliefs?
Higher levels of sexual impulsivity
What did longitudinal research find was associated with initiation of sexual behaviors at a younger age amongst adolescents?
Early and more frequent exposure to pornography
What was found to be correlated with poor mental health and frequent use of pornography?
Nearly 20% of daily pornography users had depressive symptoms
What was related to increased self-objectification and body surveillance for both young males and females?
Use of IP
What was exposure to violence against women in media linked with?
Increased aggression toward women
What did the 2021 National Community Attitudes towards violence against women survey find?
25% of respondents strongly or somewhat agreed that a man may not realize a woman does not want to have sex if he is very sexually aroused
What is the current status of the implementation of the Australian Curriculum Version 9.0 released in May 2022?
Only Tasmania has implemented it
What is the current status of IP literacy programs in Australian schools?
Currently, there are no universally taught IP education programs in Australian schools
What do young people and teachers agree on regarding the teaching of the risks of IP viewing?
Schools should teach about the risks of IP viewing
What type of discussions do 16- to 18-year-olds prefer regarding the risks of IP viewing?
Peer-led discussions
What was the result of a pilot study of an IP literacy program?
It was well received
Study Notes
Impact of Pornography Exposure on Children and Adolescents
- Teens spend an average of 14.4 hours a week online, with males spending more time online than females.
- Top negative online experiences for teens include receiving inappropriate, unwanted content such as pornography or violent material.
- Mainstream IP sites like Pornhub have no barriers to entry for under 18s.
- Prevalence rates of intentional exposure to pornography range from 7% to 59% in different studies.
- Prevalence rates for unintentional exposure to pornography range from 19% to 84% among different age groups and countries.
- A UK survey found that at least half of children aged 11-16 had been exposed to pornography, with 94% having seen it by age 14.
- A survey of young Australians aged 15-20 found that 87% had viewed pornography, with males reporting higher frequency of viewing than females.
- Young women were more likely to have first come across pornography by accident, while curiosity was the primary motivation for seeking it out for both genders.
- 62% of young women and 47% of young men reported that they think that pornography is not at all realistic.
- Theoretical review suggests that consumption of pornography is a credible risk factor in the perpetration of aggression and violence against women.
- Early exposure to pornography is common, with higher viewing frequency and positive affective responses associated with problematic viewing.
- IP viewing motivations linked to mood management or emotional avoidance were positively associated with problematic IP viewing.
Quiz: Impact of Pornography Exposure on Children and Adolescents Test your knowledge on the impact of pornography exposure on children and adolescents with this quiz. Explore statistics, prevalence rates, and findings related to intentional and unintentional exposure to pornography, as well as the potential effects on behavior and attitudes.
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