The Iliad - Key Study Points
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Questions and Answers

Why does Achilles want vengeance?

Hector killed Achilles' best friend Patroclus.

What two duties is Hector torn between?

  • Protection of his family and his duty as the Prince of Troy. (correct)
  • His duty to his people and his duty to his friends.
  • Fighting for his homeland and his duty as a son.
  • His duty to the gods and his duty as a warrior.

What are two reasons that King Priam gives to try to convince Hector to come inside the gates of Troy?

  • 1. Hector's death will be a major blow to Trojan morale. 2. He will be missed by his family.
  • 1. Hector's death will demoralize the Trojan troops. 2. Troy needs more warriors to fight.
  • 1. He does not want to lose his son. 2. Hector is the bravest warrior in Troy.
  • 1. No one will be king if Hector dies. 2. If Hector dies, Troy will, because he is the defender. (correct)

What previous advice from a soldier (name him) helps Hector make his bad decision (to continue to fight)?

<p>Polydamas tells Hector to get back in the walls of Troy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Achilles would agree, what hope does Hector have? (not for the return of his body)?

<p>Not much hope because half of Troy's wealth will be taken and Helen of Troy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Achilles not agree to the Plan (to return Hector's body to the Trojans)?

<p>He wants vengeance on Hector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Hector RUN ALONG THE WALLS after he has remained outside the gates to fight Achilles?

<p>So the guards could drop rocks and weapons on Achilles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Apollo, Hephaestus, and Athena have to do with the death of Hector?

<p>Apollo abandons Hector. Hephaestus makes Achilles' armor. Athena helped Achilles pick up the spear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Achilles do rather than accept Hector's request that his body be returned for burial?

<p>He says there can be no oaths between them. He lets other Greek soldiers stab Hector's dead body. He drags Hector's dead body in front of the Wall of Troy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hector's family react to his death?

<p>Priam tried to run outs to reach his son, but they held him back. His mother shrieked and ripped off her vail. Andromache ran out to see, fainted, then mourned. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dangerous action does King Priam take?

<p>He goes to the camp of the Greeks in search of Achilles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Priam change Achilles' mind?

<p>King Priam talks about Achilles not coming home to his dad, which reminded Achilles about his dad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Priam and Achilles share in common?

<p>Sorrow over the loss of Hector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two things does Achilles do for Priam above and beyond what Priam requested?

<p>He puts oils on Hector's body. He gives Priam a feast. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the visit from Priam to Achilles, what happened for Priam?

<p>Achilles stays out of battle for twelve days so that Hector can be given a funeral. Hermes helped Priam to go and return safely to Troy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on Helen's words, how are the men of Troy feeling about Helen?

<p>They are being rude to her.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three qualities does an epic hero have?

<p>His actions are super human or fantastic. He is the son of a god and a mortal. He is helped by a god. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Iliad is a story based on what war?

<p>The Trojan War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some things about the author of The Iliad and The Odyssey?

<p>The author was Homer, a Greek poet who is believed to have been blind. The Iliad and Odyssey were written around 8th century B.C. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who won the war and how long did it last?

<p>The Greeks. 10 years. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the war take place?

<p>1200 B.C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were Achilles and Agamemnon?

<p>Achilles was the greatest Greek warrior. Agamemnon was the leader of the Greek forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two reasons why Achilles calls a conference?

<p>To find out who or what is causing the plagues. To stop these plagues from happening. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does he suspect has caused the Greek's Problems?

<p>That they weren't sacrificing enough to the gods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Chalchas, what is the cause of their problems?

<p>King Agamemnon wouldn't give back Chryseis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Agamemnon choose to quarrel with Achilles? (two different reasons)

<p>Achilles is younger and shouldn't accuse his elders. Agamemnon is now embarrassed and is making a comeback. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Agamemnon threaten to do (with regard to Achilles)?

<p>Take Briseis from Achilles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Achilles' verbal responses to Agamemnon's threat to take away Briseis?

<p>He says that he is braver than Agamemnon. He says he won't help Agamemnon when he is needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fault does Agamemnon accuse Achilles of having?

<p>A quick temper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we know that both men have this fault?

<p>They keep fighting back and forth and none of them are trying to stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Achilles say he will do?

<p>&quot;Yet I warn you, lay but a finger on any of the goods I brought with me from Phthia, and it will not be Trojan blood which will be red upon my sword.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two ways which the gods have intervened in the affairs of men up to The Quarrel in the Iliad?

<p>Apollo put the plagues on the Greeks. Athena pulled Achilles back from killing Agamemnon. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the Greeks fighting with Troy?

<p>They are keeping a promise to protect Helen of Troy. Menelaus asks the Greeks to go to Troy and fight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Andromache ask of Hector?

<p>To stay with her and not go back in the battle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Andromache ask Hector to stay with her and not go back in the battle?

<p>She doesn't have anyone else, he will die and the baby won't have a dad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why won't Hector do what Andromache wants?

<p>Everyone will think of him as a coward. He couldn't leave war if he tried. His family would be killed. Andromache would be taken as a slave. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Hector have a special duty to fight the Greeks?

<p>He is the greatest warrior of the Trojans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Greeks win the war, what does Hector believe will happen to Andromache?

<p>She will be taken as a slave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three actions that show Hector and Andromache have a loving family?

<p>Hector came back from war to see his family. Andromache don't want Hector to leave. Hector is going back to war for his family. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Judging from Hector, what character qualities did Homer's society value?

<p>Military prowess, honor, and loyalty to family and state were highly regarded. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Why does Achilles want vengeance?

He wants vengeance because Hector killed his best friend Patroclus.

What are Hector's two duties?

Hector has a duty to protect his family and a duty to serve as the Prince of Troy.

What two reasons does King Priam give to convince Hector to come inside the gates of Troy?

Priam says that no one will be king if Hector dies, and that Troy will fall without him.

What advice does Polydamas give Hector?

Polydamas advises Hector to retreat within the walls of Troy.

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What hope does Hector have if Achilles agrees to a deal?

Hector has little hope, as half of Troy's wealth would be taken and Helen would be returned.

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Why doesn't Achilles agree to return Hector's body?

Achilles wants vengeance on Hector and refuses any agreement.

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Why does Hector run along the walls after fighting Achilles?

Hector runs along the walls so the guards can drop rocks and weapons on Achilles.

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What do Apollo, Hephaestus, and Athena do during Hector's death?

Apollo abandons Hector, Hephaestus makes Achilles' armor, and Athena helps Achilles pick up the spear.

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What does Achilles do with Hector's body?

Instead of returning the body, Achilles denies oaths, stabs Hector's body, and drags it in front of Troy.

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How does Hector's family react to his death?

Priam tries to run to his son, but is held back. His mother screams and tears her veil. Andromache faints and mourns.

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What dangerous action does King Priam take?

Priam goes to the Greek camp in search of Achilles.

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How does Priam change Achilles' mind?

Priam talks about Achilles not coming home to his dad, which reminds Achilles of his own father's loss.

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What do Priam and Achilles share in common?

They both share the sorrow of losing a loved one.

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What does Achilles do for Priam beyond his request?

Achilles anoints Hector's body with oils and gives Priam a feast.

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What happens after Priam's visit?

Achilles stays out of battle for twelve days so that Hector can be given a funeral. Hermes helps Priam return safely to Troy.

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How do the men of Troy feel about Helen based on her words?

The Trojan men are being rude to Helen.

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What qualities define an epic hero?

Epic heroes have superhuman or fantastical actions, are the sons of gods and mortals, and are aided by a god.

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What war is the Iliad based on?

The Iliad is based on The Trojan War.

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What do we know about the author of The Iliad and The Odyssey?

The author was Homer, a blind Greek poet who wrote around the eighth century B.C.

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Who won the Trojan War and how long did it last?

The Greeks won the war after ten years of fighting.

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When did the Trojan War take place?

The war is believed to have occurred around 1200 B.C.

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Who were Achilles and Agamemnon?

Achilles was the greatest Greek warrior, and Agamemnon was the leader of the Greek forces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why does Achilles call a conference?

Achilles wants to find out what is causing the plagues and to stop them.

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What does Achilles suspect is causing the plagues?

Achilles suspects that the Greeks are not sacrificing enough to the gods.

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What does Chalchas say is causing the plagues?

Chalchas believes that the plagues are caused by Agamemnon refusing to return Chryseis.

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Why does Agamemnon quarrel with Achilles?

Agamemnon believes that Achilles is too young to accuse his elders, and that he is embarrassed by the situation.

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What does Agamemnon threaten to do to Achilles?

Agamemnon threatens to take Briseis from Achilles.

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What does Achilles say to Agamemnon?

Achilles claims to be braver than Agamemnon and says he won't help him in the future.

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What fault does Agamemnon accuse Achilles of?

Agamemnon accuses Achilles of having a quick temper.

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How do we know that both men have quick tempers?

Both men continue to argue and escalate the conflict without trying to stop.

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What does Achilles vow to do?

Achilles vows to leave the war and to seek revenge against anyone who takes his possessions.

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How have the gods intervened in human affairs before The Quarrel?

Apollo put the plagues on the Greeks, and Athena pulled Achilles back from killing Agamemnon.

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Why are the Greeks fighting with Troy?

The Greeks are fighting to protect Helen of Troy and fulfill Menelaus' request for their help.

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What does Andromache ask of Hector?

Andromache asks Hector to stay with her and not return to battle.

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Why does Andromache want Hector to stay?

She is afraid that he will die and she will be left alone with their baby.

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Why can't Hector do what Andromache wants?

Hector believes that he will be called a coward, that he can't escape the war, that his family would be killed, and that Andromache would be taken as a slave if he does not fight.

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Why does Hector have a special duty to fight?

He is the greatest warrior of the Trojans and is expected to fight against the Greeks.

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What does Hector believe will happen to Andromache if the Greeks win?

Hector believes that Andromache will be taken as a slave.

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What actions show Hector and Andromache have a loving family?

Hector returns from war to see his family, Andromache pleads with him to stay, and Hector fights for his family.

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What character qualities did Homer's society value?

Homer's society valued family, courage, and loyalty to one's kingdom.

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Study Notes

The Iliad - Key Study Points

  • Achilles' Motivation for Vengeance: Achilles seeks revenge for the death of his best friend, Patroclus, killed by Hector.

  • Hector's Dilemma: Hector faces a conflict between protecting his family and fulfilling his duty as Prince of Troy.

  • King Priam's Plea to Hector: Priam argues that Hector's death would lead to the fall of Troy and the loss of the kingdom.

  • Polydamas' Advice: Polydamas advises Hector to return to the safety of Troy's walls, but Hector disregards this advice.

  • Hector's Hopes and Fears: Without a chance for Hector to return his body to the Trojans, Troy will fall; he might loose all wealth and Helen.

  • Achilles' Refusal to Return Hector's Body: Achilles prioritizes vengeance over returning Hector's body for burial.

  • Hector's Actions to protect himself : Hector runs along the walls of Troy to distract Achilles and gain an advantage.

  • Divine Intervention in Hector's Death: Apollo abandons Hector, while Hephaestus creates Achilles' armor and Athena aids Achilles in battle.

  • Achilles' Treatment of Hector's Corpse: Achilles refuses Hector's plea for his body and dishonors it by dragging it around the walls.

  • Andromache's Grief: Hector's death deeply affects Andromache, and she mourns intensely and faints.

  • King Priam's Dangerous Journey: Priam travels to the Greek camp to plead with Achilles for the return of Hector's body.

  • Achilles' Compassion: Priam's plea and reminiscence about his own father helps Achilles to see the loss of a son's life. This motivates him to allow Hector's return.

  • Shared Sorrow: Both Priam and Achilles share grief and understanding for the loss of a loved one.

  • Priam's Reward: Achilles honors Priam, providing him with proper ritual care for Hector's body.

  • Twelve Day Cease-fire: Achilles respects the request of Priam and grants a ceasefire so that all Greeks, and Troy can give Hector a proper funeral.

  • Helen's Perceived Treatment by Trojans: The men of Troy are rude and disrespectful to Helen.

  • Epic Hero Qualities: Epic heroes exhibit superhuman feats, divine parentage, and divine assistance. Homer used them in the Greek society to represent hero's traits: courage, loyalty, and love.

  • War: The Trojan War lasted 10 years.

  • Author and Time Period: Homer was a blind Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey in the 8th century BC

  • Causes of the War: The Greeks fought in the Trojan War to protect Menelaus and Helen of Troy.

  • Andromache's Plea: Andromache pleads with Hector to return to the walls of Troy because he will get hurt and the Greeks are going to kill him and destroy Troy.

  • Hector's Duty: Hector feels a strong obligation to protect Troy and his family.

  • Agamemnon's Threat: Agamemnon threatens to take Briseis from Achilles.

  • Achilles' Response to Agamemnon: Achilles refuses to fight for Agamemnon and warns of his consequences to those who cross him.

  • Agamemnon's Accusation: Agamemnon accuses Achilles of impatience.

  • Achilles' Determination to Not Fight: Achilles says that if Agamemnon threatens him again, he will not fight in the war.

  • Divine Interventions in Quarrel: Apollo sent plagues to harm the Greeks and Athena stopped Achilles from killing Agamemnon

  • Greek Motivation for War: The Greeks fought in the Trojan War, partly to fulfill a pledge to protect Menelaus and Helen of Troy.

  • Social Values: Homer's Iliad reflects a society that values family, courage and loyalty to one's kingdom.

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Explore the key themes and character motivations in Homer's 'The Iliad'. This quiz covers pivotal moments such as Achilles' quest for vengeance and Hector's internal struggles. Understand the implications of their actions on the fate of Troy.

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