The Human Skull

<p>Palatine bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orbital rim</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palatine bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palatine bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palatine bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skull contains 22 bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forms the lower jaw and articulates with the temporal bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support upper teeth, form inferior orbital rim, form lateral margins of external nares, form upper jaw and hard palate, and contain maxillary sinuses (largest sinuses).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attaches to six different bones of the skull, forms the floor of the nose, the roof of the mouth, and part of the floor of the eye socket. It also separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the skeletal framework of the face and cranial skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the skeletal framework of the face and cranial skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the skeletal framework of the face and cranial skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articulate with the maxillae (frontal process) and ethmoid, as well as with all other facial bones except the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the skeletal framework of the face and cranial skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attach to six different bones of the skull, form the floor of the nose, the roof of the mouth, and part of the floor of the eye socket. They also separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve to lighten the bone and are contained within the maxillae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the skeletal framework of the face and cranial skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain, entrances to respiratory system, entrance to digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Form the braincase or cranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forms the lower jaw, articulates with the temporal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support upper teeth, form inferior orbital rim, form lateral margins of external nares, form upper jaw and hard palate, contain maxillary sinuses (largest sinuses)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attaches to six different bones of the skull, forms the floor of the nose, the roof of the mouth, and part of the floor of the eye socket, separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protects eye and orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lighten bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oral cavity from the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skull contains 22 bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support upper teeth, form inferior orbital rim, form lateral margins of external nares, form upper jaw and hard palate, and contain maxillary sinuses (largest sinuses).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forms the lower jaw and articulates with the temporal bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attaches to six different bones of the skull, forms the floor of the nose, the roof of the mouth, and part of the floor of the eye socket, and separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orbital rim (protects eye and orbit) and maxillary sinuses (to lighten bone).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mandible, maxillae, nasal bone, palatine bone, nasal conchae, vomer, zygomatic bone, and lacrimal bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial bones, which form the braincase or cranium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protect and support entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oral cavity from the nasal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal bones (frontal process), ethmoid, with one another, and all other facial bones except the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articulation with the frontal bones (frontal process).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The zygomatic bones contribute to the rim and lateral wall of the orbit and form part of the zygomatic arch. They articulate with the sphenoid, frontal bone, temporal bones, and maxillae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lacrimal bones, as the smallest facial bones, form part of the medial wall of the orbit. They articulate with the frontal bone, maxillae, and ethmoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hyoid bone supports the larynx and attaches muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and tongue. Its lesser horns articulate with the styloid processes of the temporal bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ethmoid bone is a complex bone that constitutes parts of the formation of the cranial cavity, nasal septum, and orbital cavity walls. It is more complex than the ethmoid bone and is a major contributor to cranial structures with many foramina to allow nerves to pass through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cranial skeleton is formed by 8 bones: frontal, parietal (2), occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, and ethmoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The foramen magnum is the opening for the spinal cord and the beginning of the medulla oblongata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temporal bone articulates with the occipital, parietal, and sphenoid bones. It is connected to the occipital bone by the occipitomastoid suture, and to the parietal bone by the squamous suture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four segments of the temporal bone are squamous portion, tympanic portion, petrous portion, and mastoid portion. The squamous portion includes the roof of the external auditory meatus, zygomatic process, and mandibular fossa. The tympanic portion forms the anterior and inferior walls of the external auditory meatus. The petrous portion includes the cochlea and semicircular canals. The mastoid portion contains air cells and the mastoid process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teeth are important for mastication and provide articulatory service for many speech sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occlusion refers to the process of bringing the upper and lower teeth into contact. Checking the occlusion type and dental orientation is a central part of the oral-peripheral examination of teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The velum is the movable muscle mass separating the oral and nasal cavity and is involved in resonance when the mandible is depressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pharyngeal cavity can be divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The buccal cavity plays a role in resonance when the mandible is depressed and is involved in high pressure consonant production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oral cavity is limited anteriorly and laterally by the teeth and alveolar processes, superiorly by the hard and soft palate, posteriorly by the palatoglossal arch, and inferiorly by the muscular floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue are responsible for articulatory gestures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nasal cavity is involved in mastication and deglutition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intrinsic muscles of the tongue provide fine graded control of the articulatory gestures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pharyngeal cavity is lined with mucous and muscle contraction can affect the size of the tube and the closure of the velopharyngeal port.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major function of the tongue is mastication and deglutition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The velopharyngeal port can be affected by muscle contraction and is involved in speech production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lips and the muscles of the face are involved in the movement of articulators during speech production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petrous portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occlusion types</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aiding in mastication and articulatory service for speech sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior Longitudinal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral to the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharyngeal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mastication and deglutition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior Longitudinal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High pressure consonant production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethmoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrows and elongates the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separating the oral and nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharyngeal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Styloglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palatoglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral (external) pterygoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genioglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial (internal) pterygoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geniohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genioglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digastric</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyoglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic muscles (pull tip of tongue down, assist in shortening the tongue, turn tongue towards contracted side and downward) and extrinsic muscles (move the tongue as a unit, set general tongue posture for articulation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palatoglossus (elevates back of tongue, depresses soft palate), styloglossus (moves tongue back and up), hyoglossus (moves tongue back and down), genioglossus (pulls middle part of tongue down, protrudes the tongue)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mandibular elevators (elevate the jaw) and mandibular depressors (depress the jaw)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Masseter (elevates the jaw), temporalis (elevates and pulls the mandible back), medial (internal) pterygoid (elevates the mandible, side to side movement of the mandible)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digastric (anterior belly depresses the jaw), mylohyoid (helps to depress the mandible), geniohyoid (depresses the mandible if the hyoid bone is fixed), lateral (external) pterygoid (helps to protrude the mandible, side to side movement of the mandible)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevates the jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior attachment to the styloid process, inferior attachment to sides of the tongue; function: moves the tongue back and up (elevates and retracts)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two belly muscle, anterior belly depresses the jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helps to depress the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depresses the mandible if the hyoid bone is fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone to the mandible; helps to protrude the mandible, side to side movement of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevates and pulls the mandible back</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two muscles of the pharynx are the Stylopharyngeus and the Palatopharyngeus. The Stylopharyngeus raises and widens the pharynx during swallowing, while the Palatopharyngeus forms the posterior faucial pillar of the palatoglossal arch and helps to lift the pharynx during swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Eustachian tube (ET) is a tube from the middle ear to the nasopharynx. Its opening is near the palatine muscle and it allows the pressure in the middle ear to equalize with the atmospheric pressure, helping to ventilate and drain the middle ear of any excess fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two muscles of the soft palate (velum) are the Tensor veli palatini and the Levatorvelipalatini. The Tensor veli palatini, when contracted, pulls the tissue of the pharynx away from the Eustachian tube (ET), causing the ET to open. The Levatorvelipalatini forms the muscular bulk of the soft palate and pulls the velum up and slightly posteriorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three muscles of the face are the Orbicularis oris, which is responsible for puckering the lips, the Risorius, which helps to retract the angle of the mouth, and the Buccinator, which is involved in compressing the cheeks against the teeth during chewing or blowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Orbicularis oris superior (OOS) is the main muscle mass of the upper lip, while the Orbicularis oris inferior (OOI) is the main muscle mass of the lower lip. Both muscles are responsible for controlling the movements of the lips.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two muscles inserting into the upper lip are the Zygomatic major, which is responsible for superior and lateral movement of the lip, and the Levator anguli oris, which elevates the upper lip at the angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mentalis muscle helps to elevate and wrinkle the skin of the chin, as well as protrude and elevate the lower lip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Platysma muscle helps to depress the lower lip and angle of the mouth, as well as tense the skin of the neck and anterior chest wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inferior constrictor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pull the tissue of the pharynx away from Eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levator veli palatini</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stylopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palatopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stylopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palatoglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stylopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depressor labii inferioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mentalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platysma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depressor labii inferioris: Lowers the lower lip. Depressor anguli oris: Everts the lower lip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevate the lower lip, wrinkle the chin, and evert the lower lip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse muscle: Moves the angle laterally. Risorius (RIS): Draws the angles laterally and flattens the cheeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetative function: Respiration, Digestion. Non-vegetative function: Affect resonance of speech, Modification of sounds, Production of sounds, Facial expressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers