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Questions and Answers
How many chambers does the heart of a fish have?
How many chambers does the heart of a fish have?
- Three
- Four
- Five
- Two (correct)
Where is the heart located in humans?
Where is the heart located in humans?
- Between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest (correct)
- Near the stomach, in the abdominal cavity
- On the left side of the chest
- In the lower back, behind the kidneys
What is the function of heart valves?
What is the function of heart valves?
- Produce red blood cells
- Regulate body temperature
- Assist in breathing
- Prevent backflow of blood (correct)
What is transpiration?
What is transpiration?
How is the heart of humans, other mammals, and birds divided?
How is the heart of humans, other mammals, and birds divided?
What encloses the heart as a protective layer?
What encloses the heart as a protective layer?
How does transpiration affect plant temperature?
How does transpiration affect plant temperature?
What happens when water uptake by the roots is less than the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation?
What happens when water uptake by the roots is less than the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation?
What is the percentage of water taken up by the roots that is used for growth and metabolism?
What is the percentage of water taken up by the roots that is used for growth and metabolism?
How is water with dissolved mineral nutrients absorbed into the roots?
How is water with dissolved mineral nutrients absorbed into the roots?
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Study Notes
Transpiration
- Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems, and flowers.
- It is a passive process that requires no energy expense by the plant.
- Transpiration cools plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients.
Regulation of Water Loss
- When water uptake by the roots is less than the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation, plants close small pores called stomata to decrease water loss.
- This slows down nutrient uptake and decreases CO2 absorption from the atmosphere, limiting metabolic processes, photosynthesis, and growth.
Water and Nutrient Uptake
- Only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism (3-0.5%).
- The remaining 97-99.5% is lost by transpiration and guttation.
- Water with dissolved mineral nutrients is absorbed into the roots by osmosis.
- Water travels through the xylem by way of water molecule adhesion and cohesion.
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