15 Questions
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Diastole = Period of relaxation during which the heart fills Systole = Period of contraction during which the heart empties Blood pressure = Force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries due to the contracting of the heart High blood pressure = Often caused by blockages in arterioles or small arteries
Match the following events with their descriptions:
SA node initiates contraction = Forces the last of the blood from the atria into the ventricles AV node initiates systole = Contraction slams the cuspid valves shut, preventing blood being forced back into the atria Semilunar valves prevent backflow = Prevent backflow of blood under pressure from the arteries Atria and ventricles relax = Diastole starts again
Match the following lifestyle factors with their effects on the circulatory system:
Smoking = Can cause high blood pressure and lead to heart attacks and strokes Diet rich in saturated fats = Can lead to obesity which can cause high blood pressure and a blockage of coronary arteries Regular exercise = Improves the efficiency of the circulatory system and reduces the risk of heart disease Age = Blood pressure values normally rise with age
Match the following measurements with their descriptions:
Systolic and diastolic pressures = Measured in an artery of the upper arm using a sphygmomanometer Inflatable cuff = Used to measure the pressure required to stop the blood flow at a specific point 120/80 mm Hg = Healthy adult's systolic and diastolic pressures 95 = Threshold for high blood pressure (hypertension) if the lower of the two pressures is above this value
Match the following blood flow events with their descriptions:
Atria and ventricles relax = Allowing blood to flood from the vena cava and pulmonary veins into the atria and ventricles SA node initiates contraction = Forces the last of the blood from the atria into the ventricles AV node initiates systole = Forces blood out of the heart through the semilunar valves into the aorta and pulmonary arteries Semilunar valves prevent backflow = Prevent blood being forced back into the atria and force blood out of the heart through the semilunar valves
Match the circulatory system type with its description:
Open system = Heart pumps haemolymph into an open central cavity Closed system = Blood is always enclosed in blood vessels
Match the advantage of closed circulatory systems with their descriptions:
Allows the animal to be more active = Blood can be pumped around the body faster Allows the flow of blood to different organs to be increased or decreased = Efficient exchange of food and oxygen due to faster circulation
Match the two-circuit circulatory system with its characteristic:
Two-circuit circulatory system = Consists of two separate circuits for blood circulation
Match the circulatory system type with the type of animals it is found in:
Open system = Snails and insects Closed system = Earthworms and vertebrates
Match the type of circulatory system with its efficiency advantage:
Open system = Less efficient due to slower circulation Closed system = More efficient due to faster circulation
Match the following blood vessels with their functions:
Arteries = Transport oxygen-rich blood to all body cells Capillaries = Facilitate gas exchange and nutrient delivery between blood and tissues Veins = Collect CO2-rich blood back to the heart Arterioles = Can constrict to reduce blood flow
Match the following heart components with their functions:
Sino-atrial (SA) node = Coordinates the contraction of heart cells in sequence Atrioventricular (AV) node = Coordinates the contraction of heart cells in sequence Right ventricle = Pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Left atrium = Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins
Match the following circulatory system pathways with their descriptions:
Pulmonary system = Pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for CO2 removal and oxygen collection before returning to the heart Systemic circuit = Pumps oxygen-rich blood to all body cells and collects CO2-rich blood back to the heart Hepatic portal system = Involves veins that transport blood from the intestines to the liver for modification before returning to the heart Cardiac cycle = Represents one complete sequence of blood filling and emptying the heart, involving coordinated contractions of the heart's chambers
Match the following heart functions with their descriptions:
Controlled by the Medulla Oblongata = Controls the heartbeat and is characterized by the closing of heart valves, producing the familiar 'lub-dub' sound Specialized heart muscle = Strong, auto-rhythmic, with a normal resting heartbeat rate of about 75 beats per minute Heart valves = Responsible for the 'lub-dub' sound during the heartbeat Heart's pacemaker = Consists of the sino-atrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node, coordinating the contraction of heart cells in sequence
Match the following blood flow pathways with their destinations:
Pulmonary artery = Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Pulmonary vein = Returns oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs Aorta = Pumps oxygenated blood to various body parts, including the liver, intestines, kidneys, and legs before returning to the heart Venules = Transport blood back to the heart under low pressure and rich in CO2
Study Notes
Human Circulatory System Overview
- The pulmonary system, driven by the right side of the heart, pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for CO2 removal and oxygen collection before returning to the heart.
- The systemic circuit, driven by the left side of the heart, pumps oxygen-rich blood to all body cells and collects CO2-rich blood back to the heart.
- The circulatory system consists of three main types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries, and veins, each with distinct functions and structures.
- Arterioles, small branches of arteries, can constrict to reduce blood flow, while venules, small veins, transport blood back to the heart under low pressure and rich in CO2.
- Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle, travels through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, and returns to the heart as oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vein.
- Oxygenated blood from the left atrium enters the left ventricle and is pumped through the aorta to various body parts, including the liver, intestines, kidneys, and legs before returning to the heart.
- The hepatic portal system involves veins that transport blood from the intestines to the liver for modification before returning to the heart.
- The heart muscle is specialized, strong, and auto-rhythmic, with a normal resting heartbeat rate of about 75 beats per minute.
- The heartbeat is controlled by the Medulla Oblongata in the brain and is characterized by the closing of heart valves, producing the familiar "lub-dub" sound.
- The cardiac cycle represents one complete sequence of blood filling and emptying the heart, involving coordinated contractions of the heart's chambers.
- The heart's pacemaker, consisting of the sino-atrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node, coordinates the contraction of heart cells in sequence.
- The circulatory system is essential for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body and plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and homeostasis.
Test your knowledge of the human circulatory system with this quiz. Explore the functions of the pulmonary and systemic circuits, the roles of arteries, capillaries, and veins, and the intricate workings of the heart and blood vessels. Challenge yourself with questions on blood flow, heart anatomy, and the importance of this vital system in maintaining overall health.
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