20 Questions
Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs across plasma membranes in contact with an aqueous solution
True
Lung tissue is not elastic and does not aid in breathing out
False
The breathing rate is controlled by the cerebellum
False
The diaphragm contracts and flattens during exhalation
False
During inhalation, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases
False
Exhalation is an active process
False
Asthma is the most common breathing disorder in Ireland
True
Asthma can be caused by pet dander or dust mites
True
Vacuuming regularly can help improve symptoms of asthma
True
A bronchodilator inhaler is not an appropriate treatment for asthma
False
Air is warmed and moistened as it passes through the nasal cavities.
True
The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea by covering its opening when swallowing.
True
The bronchus is the first division of the trachea leading to each lung.
True
Bronchioles are subdivisions of the bronchus that allow air to freely reach all areas of the lungs.
True
Alveoli resemble a hollowed-out bunch of grapes, providing a large surface area for gaseous exchange.
True
The pleural membranes prevent the abrasion of lung tissue against the ribcage as we breathe.
True
The diaphragm contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing.
True
The intercostal muscles, located between the ribs, contract to lift the ribcage up and out during breathing.
True
Capillaries lie close to the surface of the alveoli for efficient diffusion of CO2 out of the blood and O2 into the blood.
True
The surfaces of the breathing system are kept dry to prevent infection.
False
Study Notes
Fungal Reproduction and Economic Importance
- Rhizopus spreads through the surface, forming rhizoids that release digestive enzymes and absorb digested food.
- Asexual reproduction in Rhizopus involves the formation of haploid spores within a sporangium, released upon maturity and carried by wind for germination.
- Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus occurs when hyphae of different strains fuse to form a zygospore, which can withstand adverse conditions until germination.
- Yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a unicellular fungus used in baking and fermentation.
- Baker’s yeast is a saprophyte obtaining minerals from sugar-rich solutions, while Candida albicans is a common parasitic yeast causing infections.
- Yeast obtains energy through anaerobic respiration of sugars, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
- Yeast reproduces asexually through budding, forming new cells if food is plentiful, leading to the formation of pseudomycelium.
- Fungi have economic benefits such as alcohol production, cheese flavoring, and penicillin, but also cause diseases like Athlete’s Foot and contribute to agricultural problems.
- A practical investigation involves studying the growth of leaf yeast using agar plates and controls, emphasizing aseptic techniques and precautions.
- Steps for aseptic technique include flaming equipment, sealing experiments, minimizing openings, disinfecting after use, and proper disposal.
- The practical aims to observe shiny pink colonies on the agar plate containing the leaf, and no colonies on the empty dish, verifying the growth of leaf yeast.
- Aseptic techniques are crucial to prevent contamination, as many microorganisms are pathogenic and can cause harm to humans and the environment.
Test your knowledge of the human breathing system with this quiz. Explore the anatomy and defense mechanisms of the respiratory system, including the role of the mouth, nostrils, cilia, and mucus in filtering and protecting against pathogens.
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