The Human Brain Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the average weight of a human brain?

3 pounds

The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain.

True

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

Analytical and logical thinking, as well as abstract and creative thinking.

What is the most basic part of the brain?

<p>The medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

The brain is protected from physical damage by the skull, which consists of 8 fused bones.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the thalamus interpret?

<p>Sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothalamus regulate in the body?

<p>Body temperature, hormone levels, blood pressure, glucose levels, thirst, appetite, and sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the amygdala?

<p>It plays a role in aggression, eating, drinking, sexual behaviors, and basic emotional survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hippocampus?

<p>It processes new memories for long-term storage, and is among the first functions to falter in Alzheimer's disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frontal lobe associated with?

<p>Reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temporal lobe associated with?

<p>Perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

<p>Movement, orientation, recognition, and perception of stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the occipital lobe associated with?

<p>Visual processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are neurons and how many are there in the brain?

<p>Neurons are nerve cells that send and receive electrical signals over long distances; there are approximately 100 billion brain cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of a neuron?

<p>Dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals, nucleus, and synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can go wrong with the brain?

<p>Brain tumors and headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes meningitis and encephalitis?

<p>Bacterial or viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible triggers for mental illness?

<p>Brain injuries, chronic drug or alcohol abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between external and internal head injuries?

<p>External head injuries are usually to the scalp, whereas internal head injuries are to the skull, blood vessels, or brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a concussion and a seizure?

<p>A concussion is a temporary loss of normal brain function, whereas a seizure is a sudden, brief change in brain function</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common symptoms of depression?

<p>Deep unhappiness, demoralization, self-derogation, and boredom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dementia characterized by?

<p>Deterioration of mental functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Alzheimer's Disease characterized by?

<p>Gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Parkinson's Disease characterized by?

<p>Muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drug use and abuse during pregnancy have positive effects on fetal development.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consumption of alcohol and cigarettes can cause fetal alcohol syndrome, birth defects and low birth weight.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation can be harmful to fetal brain development.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Preventing contact with Rubella, Varicella Virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasmosis, and sexually transmitted diseases can harm fetal brain development.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regular hand washing, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and sharing food and drinks can prevent germs and disease.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pregnant women should relax to prevent stressing the fetus.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exercise is important for maintaining overall health and preparing muscles for childbirth.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medications should be taken only with the doctor's approval and after reading the label.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

FAS and FAE are preventable if no alcohol is consumed during pregnancy.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cocaine exposure during pregnancy has no effect on the fetus.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Marijuana exposure during pregnancy can cause premature birth, small birth size, and delayed development.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heroin exposure during pregnancy can cause diminished head circumference, lower birth weight and body length, premature births, stillbirths, miscarriages, breathing difficulties, and intracranial bleeding.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Methadone exposure during pregnancy can cause poorer fine and gross motor coordination and cognitive processing capabilities.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Growth in early childhood is characterized by weight gains 2-3 kg each year and decreases each year.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

During middle to late childhood, weight increases due to skeletal, muscular changes, and organ size.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brain growth slows down by age 6.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increase in fatty tissue around axons causes increase in brain size, a process called myelination.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brain maturation allows for language development, making sense of letters and numbers, words, association of objects etc.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gross motor skills develop at age 3 and fine motor skills develop at age 4 during early childhood.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unintentional injuries, smoking homes, and low-income families are health concerns for early childhood.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unbalanced diets, obesity, dieting, accidents or injuries, and cancer are health concerns for middle to late childhood.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Boys' brains are about 10% larger than girls' brains.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are few differences in neural structures, brain activity, or neurochemistry between boys and girls.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are large differences between the brains of men and women.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Girls outperform boys in reading and boys outperform girls in math since 1971.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parental treatment does not magnify these differences.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Early experience has no influence on brain development.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lack of stimulating environment can lead to smaller brain sizes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parents and policymakers should not focus on hands-on parenting and stimulating experiences for infants.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Preschool programs aimed at boosting brain power in impoverished neighborhoods are not needed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The brain is not malleable in the first years of life.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genes and experience do not shape brain development.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brain growth spurt ends around age 10 with a shift towards preserving synapses transformed by experience.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The brain's plasticity increases with age.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Early experiences do not shape neural activity, leading to patterns in the brain that determine talents and tendencies.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Teenage brains do not experience rapid changes in areas responsible for emotional regulation, impulse control and decision-making.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The teenage brain is not vulnerable to stress and substance abuse.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stress and substance abuse do not have long-lasting effects on teenage brain development.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Understanding brain changes does not foster better communication and supportive environments.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research does not use brain regions like the prefrontal cortex and limbic system to explain why teens often behave unpredictably.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The brain is believed to by largely developed by age 12.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hormones, particularly adrenal gland-release hormones, are not active in the emotional center during puberty.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brain regions that control risky behavior are fully developed during adolescence.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is not used to connect adolescent behavior patterns to their evolving brain structure.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aristotle and Shakespeare historically portrayed teenagers as troublesome.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brain imaging technology shows that the brain continues to develop throughout adolescence.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brain imaging provides a complete explanation for teenage behavior.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The adaptive-adolescent story views the teenage brain as sensitive and adaptable.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The adaptive-adolescent story emphasizes broader traits, such as love of thrill and risk-taking, which can lead only to dangerous behaviors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The article challenges the conventional view of teens as works in progress.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain connects brain hemispheres and influences cognitive and emotional functioning throughout life?

<p>The corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain regulates growth, mood, metabolism, and development?

<p>The hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain undergoes rapid growth in early childhood and adult development?

<p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is encephalitis and where is it located?

<p>Encephalitis is a viral brain inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest part of the brain?

<p>The cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is crucial in human development, regulating growth hormones, thyroid function, and sex hormone production?

<p>The pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain influences developmental stages, motor control, sensory integration, and emotional and cognitive development?

<p>The midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are seizures and what is crucial for helping people with seizures?

<p>Seizures are neurological events and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimize risks and improve quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pons influence?

<p>Motor control, sensory analysis, and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebellum influence?

<p>Motor control and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the brainstem influence?

<p>Essential functions like heartbeat, breathing, digestion, and reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traumatic brain injuries have no impact on human development.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are neurotransmitters and what do they influence?

<p>Neurotransmitters are crucial chemical messengers in the brain, and shape thoughts, emotions, and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the amygdala influence?

<p>Emotional processing, memory formation, and regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does epilepsy impact?

<p>Cognitive, motor, emotional, and professional life</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pruning influence?

<p>Cognitive, emotional, and social development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer most layer of the brain called?

<p>The cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dendrites and what do they do?

<p>Dendrites are tree-like brain structures that are crucial for growth, adaptation, and information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell body also known as?

<p>The soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the axon and what does it influence?

<p>An axon is a nerve cell's projection that is vital for brain development and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the myelin sheath do?

<p>The myelin sheath is a crucial fatty layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord that supports cognitive, motor, and emotional functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are axon terminals and what are they crucial for?

<p>Axon terminals, or synaptic terminals, are crucial for brain development, particularly in early childhood and adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the frontal lobe located and what is it crucial for?

<p>Located in the front of each hemisphere, it is crucial for decision-making, problem-solving, emotional regulation, impulse control, social behavior, and planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the parietal lobe located and what is it crucial for?

<p>The parietal lobe is located in the skull and it is essential for sensory processing, spatial navigation, motor skills, and mathematical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the temporal lobe located and what is it crucial for?

<p>The temporal lobe is essential for human development, processing auditory information, understanding language, memory formation, and emotion regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the occipital lobe located and what is it crucial for?

<p>The occipital lobe is a part of the cerebral cortex, it is crucial for visual processing, social development, learning, memory, and decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pruning do and what is its effect?

<p>Pruning enhances efficiency by removing unused neural connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does oxytocin influence?

<p>Social bonding, emotional regulation, and reproductive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gray matter do?

<p>Aids in processing information, movement, and emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does white matter do?

<p>White matter plays a crucial role in cognitive abilities, emotional regulation, and decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is wiring and what is it essential for?

<p>Wiring is the brain's continuous process of forming and strengthening connections between neurons, essential for learning, thinking, and response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'use it or lose it' principle emphasize?

<p>Regular activity to strengthen brain connection, cognitive abilities, and prevent cognitive decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Human Brain

  • Average brain weight is 3lbs.
  • 85% of the brain is the cerebrum, with 60% fat and 75% water.
  • 100 billion neurons, with 250,000 new neurons created per minute in early pregnancy.
  • Cerebrum: Largest part, responsible for problem-solving, controlling voluntary muscles, memory, intelligence, personality, emotion, speech, and movement.
  • Cerebellum: Part of the cerebrum, responsible for analytical/logical and abstract/creative thinking.
  • Brainstem: Basic part, controlling vital functions like breathing, digestion, waste elimination, sleep, body temperature.
  • Medulla Oblongata: Part of the brainstem, regulates heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting.
  • Cranium: Protects the brain, made up of 8 fused bones.

Parts of the Brain

  • Thalamus: Interprets sensory information, determining if something is good or bad.
  • Hypothalamus: Regulates body temperature, hormones, blood pressure, glucose levels, thirst, appetite, and sleep.
  • Amygdala: Plays a role in aggression, eating, drinking, sexual behaviors, and basic emotional survival.
  • Hippocampus: Processes new memories for long-term storage (among the first functions to falter in Alzheimer's).

Lobes of the Brain

  • Frontal Lobe: Reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, problem-solving.
  • Temporal Lobe: Perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech.
  • Parietal Lobe: Upper part of the cortex, involved in movement, orientation, recognition, perception.
  • Occipital Lobe: Visual processing.

Neurons

  • 100 billion brain cells.
  • Nerve cells that send and receive electrical signals.
  • On/off switch (resting or firing an electrical impulse).
  • Structure includes dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals, nucleus, and synapses.

What Can Go Wrong with the Brain

  • Brain Tumors: Benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
  • Headaches: Tension, migraines, cluster headaches.
  • Meningitis and Encephalitis: Infections of the brain and spinal cord coverings/tissue.
  • Mental Illness: Problems in thinking and function, linked to brain structure/chemical problems.
  • Head Injuries: External or internal injuries (concussions).
  • Epilepsy: Physical condition with sudden, brief changes in brain function.
  • Depression: Mood disorder with deep unhappiness, demoralization, self-derogation, boredom.

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Human Development Unit 2 Test PDF

Description

Test your knowledge about the human brain with this quiz! Explore various aspects including its structure, functions, and the specific roles of different parts such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Challenge yourself and learn more about this fascinating organ.

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