The Great Depression Quiz

Study Notes

The Great Depression

The Great Depression, a severe worldwide economic downturn, began in 1929 and lasted throughout the 1930s.
Causes included the Stock Market Crash of 1929, triggering bank failures, reduced consumer spending, and declining industrial output.
High levels of personal and corporate debt exacerbated the crisis.
A global trade downturn, agricultural failures, wealth inequality, and flawed banking systems contributed to the severity of the depression.
Widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest resulted. Mass migrations of workers were common.

Herbert Hoover's Response

Herbert Hoover, president at the start of the Depression, initially favored a limited government role in the economy.
His administration attempted measures, but his approach was viewed as inadequate.
Hoover's policies emphasized voluntary cooperation among businesses and individuals.
He favoured restrained government spending and private charity.
Public works projects were insufficient to combat the depression's severity.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the First New Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president in 1932, promising a "New Deal" for economic recovery.
The First New Deal (1933-1935) focused on immediate relief.
Key initiatives included emergency banking relief, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) for job creation and relief.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) aimed to stabilize agricultural prices.
FDR's administration reformed the banking system.
The National Recovery Administration (NRA), though later deemed unconstitutional, aimed to stabilize industry.

The Second New Deal

The Second New Deal (1935-1938) focused on long-term economic recovery and reform.
Goals included social security and economic security for the population.
The Social Security Act of 1935 established old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children, expanding the federal government's role.
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) continued public works projects across sectors.
The Wagner Act strengthened union organizing power.
The Rural Electrification Administration (REA) brought electricity to rural areas.

Impact and Legacy of the New Deal

New Deal programs influenced American society and the government's role.
Though it didn't end the Depression, it provided relief, created jobs, and boosted hope.
Critics cited program inefficiencies, government overreach, and incomplete root cause solutions.
The New Deal profoundly altered America's relationship with the federal government, expanding its role in the economy and society.
It laid the groundwork for future economic and social safety nets.

Description

Test your knowledge on the Great Depression, a significant global economic crisis that began in 1929. This quiz covers its causes, consequences, and the responses of political figures like Herbert Hoover. Discover how this era shaped economic and social landscapes worldwide.