The Great Depression Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What role did the Social Security Act of 1935 play in American society?

  • It established a system of old-age pensions and unemployment insurance. (correct)
  • It mandated universal healthcare.
  • It reversed decisions made during the Hoover administration.
  • It provided funding for public education.

Which initiative focused specifically on improving labor relations during the New Deal?

  • Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
  • Wagner Act (correct)
  • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
  • Works Progress Administration (WPA)

What was one of the major criticisms of the New Deal programs?

  • They successfully ended the Great Depression.
  • They focused solely on urban areas.
  • They were perceived as economically inefficient. (correct)
  • They were fully embraced by all states.

What was one of the primary goals of the Rural Electrification Administration (REA)?

<p>To bring electricity to rural areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the New Deal impact the role of the federal government?

<p>It laid the groundwork for future social safety nets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Herbert Hoover's primary belief regarding government intervention during the Great Depression?

<p>Government intervention should be minimal and based on voluntary cooperation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative was NOT part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's First New Deal?

<p>Social Security Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Second New Deal aimed to address which of the following aspects?

<p>Long-term economic recovery and social security. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the National Recovery Administration (NRA)?

<p>It was aimed at stabilizing industry but later deemed unconstitutional. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Depression affect employment levels?

<p>Widespread unemployment became a prominent issue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major criticisms of Herbert Hoover's measures during the Great Depression?

<p>His approach was viewed as inadequate and ineffective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was implemented to stabilize agricultural prices?

<p>Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common feature of the Great Depression period related to population movement?

<p>Mass migrations of people seeking work occurred. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social Security Act of 1935

The Social Security Act of 1935 created a system of old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent mothers and children. This act expanded the federal government's role in social welfare.

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) focused on public works projects in all sectors of the economy. It aimed to create jobs and stimulate economic growth.

Wagner Act

The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, reformed labor relations by allowing unions greater organizing power and collective bargaining rights.

REA (Rural Electrification Administration)

The Rural Electrification Administration (REA) provided loans and grants to bring electricity to rural areas across the United States.

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Impact of the New Deal

The New Deal programs, although not ending the Great Depression, offered immediate relief, created jobs, and instilled hope in the American people. The programs expanded the role of the federal government in the economy and society.

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The Great Depression

A severe global economic downturn that began in 1929, spanning the 1930s. It was characterized by widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest.

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Stock Market Crash of 1929

The event that triggered The Great Depression, causing a domino effect of bank failures, reduced consumer spending, and declining industrial output.

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Debt in the Great Depression

High levels of debt, both personal and corporate, worsened the economic crisis during The Great Depression.

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Hoover's Approach

Herbert Hoover, the president during the initial years of The Great Depression, believed in limited government intervention in the economy, mainly relying on voluntary cooperation and private charity.

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FDR's New Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president in 1932, promising a 'New Deal' to address the Depression. This program aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform to combat its effects.

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The First New Deal

The first phase of the New Deal (1933-1935) focused on immediate relief measures, including emergency banking relief, job creation programs like the CCC and WPA, and agricultural price stabilization through the AAA.

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The Second New Deal

The second phase of the New Deal, (1935-1938), aimed to provide long-term recovery and reform, including social security, economic security measures, and protection for workers.

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The National Recovery Administration (NRA)

The National Recovery Administration (NRA), though eventually declared unconstitutional, aimed to stabilize industry during The Great Depression by establishing fair competition and setting codes of conduct.

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Study Notes

The Great Depression

  • The Great Depression, a severe worldwide economic downturn, began in 1929 and lasted throughout the 1930s.
  • Causes included the Stock Market Crash of 1929, triggering bank failures, reduced consumer spending, and declining industrial output.
  • High levels of personal and corporate debt exacerbated the crisis.
  • A global trade downturn, agricultural failures, wealth inequality, and flawed banking systems contributed to the severity of the depression.
  • Widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest resulted. Mass migrations of workers were common.

Herbert Hoover's Response

  • Herbert Hoover, president at the start of the Depression, initially favored a limited government role in the economy.
  • His administration attempted measures, but his approach was viewed as inadequate.
  • Hoover's policies emphasized voluntary cooperation among businesses and individuals.
  • He favoured restrained government spending and private charity.
  • Public works projects were insufficient to combat the depression's severity.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the First New Deal

  • Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president in 1932, promising a "New Deal" for economic recovery.
  • The First New Deal (1933-1935) focused on immediate relief.
  • Key initiatives included emergency banking relief, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) for job creation and relief.
  • The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) aimed to stabilize agricultural prices.
  • FDR's administration reformed the banking system.
  • The National Recovery Administration (NRA), though later deemed unconstitutional, aimed to stabilize industry.

The Second New Deal

  • The Second New Deal (1935-1938) focused on long-term economic recovery and reform.
  • Goals included social security and economic security for the population.
  • The Social Security Act of 1935 established old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children, expanding the federal government's role.
  • The Works Progress Administration (WPA) continued public works projects across sectors.
  • The Wagner Act strengthened union organizing power.
  • The Rural Electrification Administration (REA) brought electricity to rural areas.

Impact and Legacy of the New Deal

  • New Deal programs influenced American society and the government's role.
  • Though it didn't end the Depression, it provided relief, created jobs, and boosted hope.
  • Critics cited program inefficiencies, government overreach, and incomplete root cause solutions.
  • The New Deal profoundly altered America's relationship with the federal government, expanding its role in the economy and society.
  • It laid the groundwork for future economic and social safety nets.

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