The Great Depression

• Herbert Hoover was the 31st President of the United States, in office when the Great Depression began.
• The Stock Market Crash occurred on October 29, 1929, also known as "Black Tuesday," which led to a significant collapse in the stock market.
• The Great Depression was a severe economic crisis that lasted from 1929 to 1939.
• The Bonus Army consisted of World War I veterans who protested in Washington, D.C., to demand early payment of their promised bonuses.
• Speculation involves high-risk investment practices.
• Public Works are government-funded construction projects.
• Credit allows consumers to buy goods and services immediately but pay for them later.
• An Economic Depression refers to a prolonged period of reduced economic activity.
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was the 32nd President who initiated the New Deal programs.
• The First New Deal refers to the initial set of programs designed to foster economic recovery during the Great Depression.
• The 20th Amendment changed the date of the presidential inauguration.
• The Hundred Days marks the first 100 days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, during which many significant New Deal programs were enacted.
• Fireside Chats were radio addresses given by FDR to communicate with the American people.
• The Second New Deal represents the later set of programs introduced to build on the initial recovery efforts.
• Deficit Spending occurs when a government spends more money than it collects in revenue.
• Socialism is an economic system characterized by government control of production and distribution.
• The Dust Bowl was a severe ecological disaster caused by drought and poor farming practices in the Great Plains.
• Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady, was an advocate for social reform.
• Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was a labor union for industrial workers.
• The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was a labor union for skilled workers.
• A Sit-down Strike involves workers occupying their workplace as a form of protest.
• A Liberal generally favors government intervention in the economy and social issues.
• A Conservative typically favors limited government involvement.

Stock Market Crash of 1929

• Speculation, involving high-risk investment practices, contributed to the stock market crash of 1929.

20th Amendment

• The 20th Amendment changed the presidential inauguration date.

John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath"

• John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath" centered around Dust Bowl migrants.

The Dust Bowl Impact

• Wheat farmers were most affected by the Dust Bowl.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

• The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, established during the Hoover administration, aimed to lend money to banks and businesses.

"Bank Holiday"

• The "Bank Holiday" closed banks temporarily and reopened them under new regulations, helping to stabilize the economy and restore confidence in the banking system.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

• The main goal of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) was to regulate business competition.

Civilian Conservation Corps

• The Civilian Conservation Corps provided job training and work for young men.

Photography

• Photography documented rural poverty during the Great Depression.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

• The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was unique because it was a government-owned power company.

Education

• Many schools closed or shortened their terms due to the Great Depression's effect on education.

Federal Writers' Project

• The Federal Writers' Project was created to document American life and culture.

Social Security Act

• The Social Security Act offered multiple types of insurance.

FDR's "Brain Trust"

• FDR's "Brain Trust" consisted of academic advisers.

Impact on American Families

• The Great Depression caused decreased birth rates in American families.