The Great Depression and Policy of Appeasement
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following accurately describes the impact of the Great Depression on Germany?

  • The Great Depression had little impact on Germany, as their economy was relatively stable.
  • The Great Depression led to a sharp decline in unemployment, which helped to stabilize the German economy.
  • The Great Depression led to a significant increase in unemployment, but it did not significantly weaken the German government.
  • The Great Depression fueled widespread unemployment and political instability, contributing to the rise of extremist political parties like the Nazis. (correct)

    • What is a key reason why the Great Depression weakened the League of Nations?

  • The League of Nations had little power to enforce its decisions, and member states were reluctant to act against powerful nations. (correct)
  • The League of Nations was too focused on promoting trade and economic cooperation, and failed to address political conflicts.
  • The League of Nations was actively working to resolve the economic crisis, but it had no power to impose sanctions.
  • Member states were actively using the League of Nations to impose economic sanctions on each other, further destabilizing the global economy.

    • How did the Great Depression contribute to the rise of Japan's military expansionist policies?

  • The Great Depression had a negligible impact on Japan's economy, and therefore played no role in the rise of military expansionism.
  • Japan's economy thrived during the Great Depression, and the military sought to conquer new markets to further their economic dominance.
  • The Great Depression led to widespread economic hardship in Japan, and the military saw expansion as a means to solve economic problems. (correct)
  • The Japanese military was already expansionistic before the Great Depression and the economic crisis served to consolidate their power.

    • Which of the following accurately describes the policy of appeasement?

    <p>Making concessions to aggressive powers to avoid conflict, even if it means sacrificing other principles or territories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the policy of appeasement?

    <p>The Treaty of Versailles was so harsh on Germany that some leaders believed Hitler's demands for revision were justified. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was NOT a reason why Britain and France adopted appeasement in the 1930s?

    <p>They were actively planning an invasion of Germany, seeing appeasement as a tactic to catch Hitler off guard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a consequence of Britain and France's appeasement policy?

    <p>It strengthened the League of Nations, as it demonstrated the international community's commitment to collective security. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the role of protectionism in the context of the Great Depression?

    <p>Protectionism was a key factor in exacerbating the Great Depression, as it caused a further decline in global trade and economic activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Munich Agreement impact Stalin's foreign policy?

    <p>It confirmed his belief in the weakness of Western democracies, leading him to sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the official beginning of World War II?

    <p>Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact benefit Hitler?

    <p>It allowed him to invade Poland without fear of Soviet interference. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary justification Hitler used for Germany's invasion of Poland?

    <p>He claimed Germans in Poland were being mistreated and needed protection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931?

    <p>To gain control of valuable natural resources like coal and iron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the outbreak of World War II?

    <p>It created resentment in Germany, leading to Hitler's rise to power and his pursuit of revising the treaty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor in 1941?

    <p>To cripple the US Pacific Fleet and gain a military advantage in the Pacific. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Hitler justify his expansionist policies, such as the annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia?

    <p>He promoted the concept of Lebensraum, arguing that Germany needed more territory for its growing population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the League of Nations' weakness on the events leading up to World War II?

    <p>It empowered Germany, Italy, and Japan to pursue their imperialist ambitions without fear of consequences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main cause behind the rise of militarism in Japan during the 1930s?

    <p>The Great Depression, creating economic hardship and increasing support for militarism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Great Depression Trigger

    The Wall Street Crash of October 1929 caused the Great Depression.

    Economic Collapse Mechanism

    Investors sold shares in panic, leading to bankruptcies and mass unemployment.

    Decline of International Trade

    Countries imposed tariffs to protect their industries during the Great Depression.

    Impact on Germany

    Six million Germans were unemployed by 1932, increasing support for radical parties like the Nazis.

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    Japan's Economic Hardship

    Japan relied on silk exports and lost its main market in the U.S. during the Depression.

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    Protectionism

    The practice of imposing tariffs on imports to protect domestic industries.

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    Appeasement Defined

    A policy of making concessions to aggressive powers to avoid conflict.

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    Appeasement Influence on Hitler

    It encouraged Hitler to take more aggressive steps, believing he would not be stopped.

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    Munich Agreement

    A 1938 agreement that allowed Hitler to annex Sudetenland.

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    Significance of Munich Agreement

    Demonstrated that Britain and France would avoid war.

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    Nazi-Soviet Pact

    A non-aggression treaty between Germany and the USSR in August 1939.

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    Appeasement's effect on Stalin

    Convinced Stalin that Western democracies were weak.

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    Operation Barbarossa

    Germany's invasion of the USSR in June 1941, breaking the Nazi-Soviet Pact.

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    Japan's invasion of Manchuria

    Japan's first major act of aggression in 1931 for resources.

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    Reasons for Japan's militarism

    Economic hardship from the Great Depression fueled military expansion.

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    Causes of WWII

    Militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, appeasement, and instability.

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    Blitzkrieg

    A fast, coordinated military attack strategy by Germany.

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    Treaty of Versailles' impact

    Created resentment in Germany, contributing to Hitler's rise.

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    Study Notes

    The Great Depression and its Global Impact

    • The Wall Street Crash of 1929 triggered the Great Depression.
    • Panic selling of shares led to bankruptcies and mass unemployment.
    • Protectionism—imposing tariffs on imports—reduced global trade during the Depression.
    • Unemployment in Germany reached six million in 1932, boosting radical movements like Nazism.
    • Japan's economy, dependent on exports like silk, suffered severely due to the loss of the U.S. market.
    • The Depression weakened the League of Nations, as member states hesitated about imposing economic sanctions.
    • Economic hardship in various countries fueled support for extremist parties.
    • Countries like Britain and France mitigated Depression effects by expanding trade within their empires.

    The Policy of Appeasement

    • Appeasement involved making concessions to aggressive powers to avoid conflict.
    • Britain and France appeased due to war weariness and unpreparedness.
    • The Treaty of Versailles' perceived harshness influenced the appeasement policy.
    • The Great Depression distracted Britain and France, making them hesitant to confront aggressive nations.
    • Hitler's aggressive actions were encouraged by appeasement.
    • The Munich Agreement, in 1938, allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.
    • Neville Chamberlain declared "peace for our time" after the Munich Agreement.
    • Appeasement encouraged Stalin to view Western democracies as weak, leading to the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
    • Germany's invasion of Poland ended the policy of appeasement.

    The Nazi-Soviet Pact and Hitler's Expansion

    • The Nazi-Soviet Pact was a non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union (August 1939).
    • A secret clause in the pact split Poland between Germany and the USSR.
    • The pact surprised many due to the opposing ideologies of Fascism and communism.
    • The pact allowed Hitler to invade Poland without Soviet interference.
    • Britain and France declared war on Germany after Poland's invasion.
    • Operation Barbarossa, Germany's invasion of the USSR in 1941, was a pivotal point in WWII.
    • Hitler's invasion of Poland was justified by claims of mistreatment of Germans in Poland.
    • Stalin's motivations for the pact included gaining time to prepare for conflict with Germany.
    • Hitler broke the pact by invading the Soviet Union.

    Japan's Expansion and Militarism

    • Japan's first major aggressive act was the invasion of Manchuria in 1931.
    • Resources, like coal and iron, were the main motivating factor for the invasion.
    • The League of Nations condemned but did not militarily intervene.
    • Manchukuo was a puppet state established by Japan in Manchuria.
    • Japan's economic struggles pushed it towards militarism and expansion.
    • Japan justified expansion by claiming it needed resources for its growing population.
    • Japan allied with Germany and Italy in 1940.
    • The U.S. cut off oil supplies to Japan, which led to the attack on Pearl Harbor.
    • The US declared war on Japan immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
    • Hitler declared war on the US in response.

    The Causes of World War II

    • Key causes of WWII included militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, appeasement, and economic instability.
    • The Treaty of Versailles contributed to WWII by creating resentment and instability in Germany.
    • Hitler sought "Lebensraum" (living space) for the German people, particularly in Eastern Europe.
    • The League of Nations did not prevent aggression from Germany, Italy, and Japan.
    • Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by rearming Germany and remilitarizing the Rhineland.
    • The Anschluss was the union between Germany and Austria.
    • Hitler used propaganda to garner support by promoting nationalism and anti-Semitic ideals.
    • Germany's invasion of Poland officially started WWII.
    • Blitzkrieg was Germany's military strategy of fast, coordinated attacks.
    • WWII became a global conflict by involving major powers in Europe, Asia, and North America.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the causes and global impacts of the Great Depression, including economic turmoil and rising radical movements. Additionally, it examines the policy of appeasement adopted by Britain and France in response to the aggressive powers of the time. Test your knowledge on these pivotal historical events!

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