The Great Depression

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Questions and Answers

Which factor, when combined with overproduction of goods, most directly contributed to the severity of the Great Depression?

  • Decreased investment in technological advancements.
  • Increased government regulation of businesses.
  • Expansion of international trade agreements.
  • A widening disparity between the rich and poor. (correct)

What was the most immediate consequence of the event known as "Black Tuesday"?

  • The start of widespread bank closures and financial panic. (correct)
  • A period of rapid economic growth due to increased investment opportunities.
  • A surge in international confidence in the U.S. economy.
  • The implementation of new government regulations on trade.

Which outcome was a direct result of the widespread bank closures during the Great Depression?

  • A significant decrease in unemployment rates.
  • Increased access to credit for farmers and small businesses.
  • An expansion of international trade agreements.
  • Loss of savings for many individuals and families. (correct)

Which action represents the most significant shift in the U.S. government's role during the Great Depression under President Franklin D. Roosevelt?

<p>Assuming greater responsibility for the economic welfare of citizens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the "Recovery" component of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies?

<p>Creating large-scale public works projects to stimulate economic activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides increased production due to wartime demand, which factor most directly contributed to the end of the Great Depression?

<p>Government interventionist policies to stabilize the economy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the failure of appeasement as a strategy to prevent World War II?

<p>Appeasement emboldened aggressive leaders, such as Hitler, to pursue further territorial expansion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Lend-Lease Act, enacted by the United States during World War II?

<p>To offer financial aid and military supplies to Allied nations without immediate payment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event most directly precipitated the United States' entry into World War II?

<p>The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategic decision was a key component of the Allied war effort in Europe?

<p>Prioritizing the defeat of Germany before focusing on the Pacific theater. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the United States' strategy of "island hopping" in the Pacific Theater during World War II?

<p>To capture key islands that would bring U.S. forces within bombing range of Japan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Battle of Stalingrad mark a turning point in World War II?

<p>It halted Germany's advance into the Soviet Union and began their retreat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the D-Day invasion during World War II?

<p>To establish a second front in Western Europe and liberate France from German occupation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors most influenced President Truman's decision to use atomic bombs against Japan?

<p>An effort to minimize American casualties and achieve a swift end to the war. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the direct result of the U.S. decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

<p>The unconditional surrender of Japan and the end of World War II. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During World War II, what was a key way in which women contributed to the war effort at home?

<p>By taking on jobs in factories and industries to replace men serving in the military. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the sale of war bonds contribute to the U.S. war effort during World War II?

<p>It raised funds for the government to finance military operations and war-related expenses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of economic mobilization in the U.S. during World War II?

<p>Converting automobile factories to produce tanks and airplanes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the military draft implemented in the United States during World War II?

<p>To ensure a sufficient supply of soldiers to meet the demands of wartime military operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action best exemplifies the concept of human mobilization in the United States during World War II?

<p>Citizens planting victory gardens to supplement food supplies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Black Tuesday

A major stock market crash on October 29, 1929, signaling the start of the Great Depression.

Impacts of the Great Depression

A period marked by job losses, bank closures, poverty, hunger, and general economic hardship.

FDR's Government Role Change

The government began to provide more direct assistance, creating jobs and economic programs.

The Three R's

Relief (immediate help), Recovery (economic fix), and Reform (preventing future crises).

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End of the Great Depression

Massive demand arising from wartime production created many jobs and stimulated the economy.

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Causes of World War II

Germany's punishment after WWI, the rise of dictators, invasions, and failure of appeasement.

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Lend-Lease Act

The U.S. provided vital supplies to Allied nations before officially entering WWII.

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Why the U.S. joined WWII

The U.S. was attacked by Japan at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

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Allied and Axis War Strategies

Allies focused on defeating Germany first, then island hopping to Japan. Axis powers aimed to dominate Europe and Asia.

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Stalingrad

A turning point battle where the Soviets defeated Germany.

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D-Day

U.S. and Allied forces invaded France, marking a major advance against Germany.

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Battle of the Bulge

Germany's final major offensive campaign on the Western Front.

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Midway

A decisive naval battle where the U.S. defeated Japan.

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Iwo Jima & Okinawa

Battles that brought U.S. forces closer to the Japanese mainland.

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End of the Pacific War

The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to Japan's surrender.

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U.S. Homefront Support

Women joined the workforce, people rationed goods, factories produced war materials.

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Examples of Mobilization

Factories converted to wartime production, the military drafted soldiers and people supported the war effort.

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Study Notes

  • Great Depression causes included the stock market crash, bank failures, overproduction, reduced trade, and income inequality.

Black Tuesday

  • Black Tuesday refers to October 29, 1929.
  • The stock market crashed on this day, marking the start of the Great Depression.

Great Depression Impacts

  • Job and home losses impacted people during the Great Depression
  • Banks closed, families struggled, and poverty and hunger were widespread.

FDR's Government Role Change

  • The government increased its role by aiding citizens.
  • Job creation, financial aid, and economic programs were initiated.

The Three R's

  • Relief: Immediate assistance through food and jobs.
  • Recovery: Economic revitalization efforts.
  • Reform: Changes implemented to prevent future economic crises.

End of the Great Depression

  • World War II ended the Great Depression.
  • War-related employment and economic stimulus contributed to the end.

World War II Causes

  • The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany after WWI.
  • The rise of dictators, country invasions, and failure to stop Hitler early all contributed.

Lend-Lease Act

  • Under the Lend-Lease Act, the U.S. provided resources to Allied nations like Britain.
  • This support occurred before the U.S. officially joined the war.

U.S. Entry into WWII

  • The U.S. joined the war after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
  • The U.S. was compelled to retaliate.

Allied and Axis War Strategies

  • Allies in Europe prioritized defeating Germany.
  • Allies in the Pacific used island hopping to approach Japan.
  • The Axis powers aimed for European domination (Germany) and Asian control (Japan).

Important Battles

  • Stalingrad: A Soviet victory that reversed the course of the war.
  • D-Day: Allied forces invaded France.
  • Battle of the Bulge: Germany's final offensive attempt, which failed.
  • Midway: A pivotal U.S. victory in the Pacific.
  • Iwo Jima & Okinawa: Battles that brought the U.S. closer to Japan.

End of the Pacific War

  • The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Japan.
  • Japan surrendered in August 1945.

U.S. Homefront Support

  • Women entered the workforce in factories.
  • People participated in rationing and purchasing war bonds.
  • Factories focused on producing weaponry.

Examples of Mobilization

  • Economic: Factories produced war materials.
  • Military: Soldiers were drafted.
  • Human: The population collectively supported the war effort.

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