lesson 8 sections 5 and 6

The process of determining how many representatives each state gets in the House of Representatives, based on population.

The debate over whether enslaved people should be counted as citizens for purposes of representation in the House of Representatives.

The argument presented by Southern delegates during the Constitutional Convention that enslaved people should be counted as full citizens for purposes of representation.

The argument presented by Northern delegates during the Constitutional Convention that enslaved people should be counted as property, not citizens, for purposes of representation.

The idea that enslaved people were akin to property, like livestock or tools, and should be counted as such for taxation.

A growing movement in the late 18th century among many white Americans who sought to end slavery, seeing it as a moral evil.

The shift in some white Americans' views on slavery, inspired by the ideas of independence and freedom during the American Revolution.

The economic reliance of the Southern states on the labor of enslaved African Americans for their agricultural production.

The gradual change in some Southern states toward easing restrictions on enslavers to free their enslaved people, despite persisting economic dependence on slavery.

The significant role of Benjamin Franklin in advocating for the abolition of slavery by becoming the president of an antislavery society.

The Great Compromise resolved the dispute over representation in Congress between large and small states during the Constitutional Convention. It created a two-house legislature, with a House of Representatives based on population and a Senate where each state has equal representation, ensuring both large and small states had a voice.

The New Jersey Plan, proposed by William Paterson, aimed to give states equal representation in Congress, similar to the Articles of Confederation. It was favored by delegates from smaller states who feared being overwhelmed by the larger states.

Delegates from larger states favored a system where representation in Congress was based on population, meaning states with more people would have more representatives. They argued it was fair and logical.

The debate over representation in Congress was heated and emotional, with delegates from smaller states fearing being dominated by larger states, while delegates from larger states saw population-based representation as fair and essential for a strong government.

A compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia Plans, it creates a two-house Congress with the House of Representatives based on population, and the Senate with equal representation for each state, addressing the concerns of both large and small states.

The issue of including enslaved people in population counts for representation was hotly debated as some argued they should be included while others disagreed. This debate raised questions about the nature of representation and the morality of slavery.

The framers of the Constitution agreed to count three-fifths of enslaved people for both representation in the House of Representatives and the apportionment of taxes. This compromise attempted to address the concerns of both slave and free states but also solidified the institution of slavery in the new nation.

The Southern states argued that enslaved people should be counted towards population for increased representation in the House, giving them more power. They also argued that as 'property,' enslaved people should not be taxed.

Northern states argued against counting enslaved people for representation as they saw it as unfair to give power based on people who lacked rights and freedom. They argued that slaves should not be counted for population purposes, as they weren't citizens.

The Three-Fifths Compromise, though seemingly a solution, solidified the institution of slavery in the United States, highlighting the deeply rooted issue of slavery in the nation's founding principles. It had long-term consequences for the balance of power between states and the future of slavery in America.