The Great Awakening and Enlightenment

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What characterized the Great Awakening compared to the Enlightenment?

  • Reinforcement of traditional worship practices
  • Promotion of rational thought over emotional experience
  • Encouragement of personal and experiential faith (correct)
  • Focus on predestination and scripture interpretation

Who were considered the 'New Lights' during the Great Awakening?

  • Members of the Church of England
  • Evangelical followers of the new revivalism (correct)
  • Ministers who rejected emotional preaching
  • African slaves seeking spiritual guidance

What was a common response from elite ministers towards the Revivalist movements?

  • They supported the emotional approach to worship.
  • They actively participated in the revivals.
  • They labeled the revival movements as chaotic. (correct)
  • They celebrated the increased church attendance.

What was a significant social impact of the Great Awakening?

<p>Increased access to salvation among marginalized groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable event did James Davenport encourage during a revival?

<p>Rejecting material possessions by burning clothes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Great Awakening notably begin?

<p>New Jersey, under Dutch Reformed ministers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which denomination did Gilbert Tennent belong to?

<p>Presbyterian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key difference existed between the Old Lights and New Lights?

<p>Old Lights rejected revivalist fervor, while New Lights accepted it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Benjamin Franklin establish in 1731 that contributed to public education?

<p>Library Company of Philadelphia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization did Franklin found in 1743 to promote inquiry and research?

<p>American Philosophical Society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scientific phenomenon did Franklin famously conduct experiments on?

<p>Electricity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Franklin's advocacy regarding lightning safety?

<p>Installing lightning rods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the founding of Georgia, seeing it as a haven for the 'worthy poor'?

<p>James Oglethorpe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was not part of Oglethorpe's vision for Georgia?

<p>Establishing plantations for rice production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of community model did Oglethorpe envision for Savannah?

<p>An agrarian utopia with egalitarian values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document did Franklin publish in 1751 regarding his scientific findings?

<p>Experiments and Observations on Electricity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key result of Enlightenment thought in the 1730s?

<p>The founding of the Georgia colony (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What narrative did Franklin's 'Memoir' contribute to American culture?

<p>The concept of the American Dream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was an important aspect of Jonathan Edwards' approach to reviving religious fervor?

<p>Vivid descriptions of hell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which colleges are associated with the New Lights and their educational initiatives during the Great Awakening?

<p>Brown University and Dartmouth College (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major critique of the New Lights by the established Old Lights?

<p>Appealing to people's passions rather than traditional values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the foremost evangelical leader of the Great Awakening?

<p>George Whitefield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key belief does rationalism, as defined during the Enlightenment, emphasize?

<p>Humans can use reason to gain knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Enlightenment thinkers view their status in the world?

<p>As citizens of the world engaged in global affairs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements was characterized by a focus on progress through reason and observation?

<p>The Enlightenment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What publication is Benjamin Franklin known for that included practical advice?

<p>Poor Richard: An Almanack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common characteristic of the new Protestant denominations that emerged during the Great Awakening?

<p>They rejected the notion of church hierarchy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle suggests that knowledge is acquired through experience and observation?

<p>Empiricism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal change did the Great Awakening promote within the religious landscape of the colonies?

<p>The decline of established Protestant groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Freemasons play during the Enlightenment?

<p>They propagated principles of inquiry and tolerance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Benjamin Franklin turn to publishing?

<p>To develop his writing skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Great Awakening

A Protestant revival movement in the 18th century that emphasized emotional religiosity.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement promoting reason, science, and individualism during the 18th century.

New Lights

Supporters of the Great Awakening's emotional and personal approach to faith.

Old Lights

Traditionalists who adhered to established religious norms and rejected revivalism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personal faith

The idea that individuals can achieve salvation through personal acceptance of Christ.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evangelical ministers

Preachers who promoted the emotional and experiential aspects of faith during the Great Awakening.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Theodorus Frelinghuysen

A Dutch Reformed minister who played a significant role in starting the Great Awakening in New Jersey.

Signup and view all the flashcards

James Davenport

A New Light minister who notoriously urged followers to renounce worldly possessions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Franklin's Deism

A philosophical belief guiding Franklin's philanthropic efforts and rational inquiry.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Library Company of Philadelphia

A reading library established by Franklin in 1731 to promote learning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

American Philosophical Society

Founded by Franklin in 1743 to encourage scientific inquiry and knowledge sharing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

University of Pennsylvania

Educational institution founded with Franklin's support in 1749.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lightning Rod

A metal pole that directs lightning to the ground, preventing fires.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Experiments and Observations on Electricity

Franklin's publication in 1751 detailing his findings on electricity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

American Dream

The ideal of upward social mobility in America, partly inspired by Franklin's life story.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oglethorpe's Vision

James Oglethorpe's plan for Georgia as a colony for the 'worthy poor.'

Signup and view all the flashcards

Georgia Colony

Founded in 1732 as a buffer colony between Carolina and Florida, originally without slavery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oglethorpe Plan

A utopian model for settlement in Savannah focusing on agrarian sustenance and equality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Presbyterian Revival

A religious movement in the Middle Colonies driven by the teachings of Tennant to enhance evangelical fervor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

A famous sermon by Jonathan Edwards emphasizing the dangers of sin with vivid imagery of hell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

George Whitefield

An Anglican minister and key figure in the Great Awakening, known for his itinerant preaching style.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Old Lights vs. New Lights

Older established Protestant groups (Old Lights) opposed to the emotionalism of newer evangelical movements (New Lights).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists

Protestant denominations that emerged during the Great Awakening, emphasizing personal faith.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Impact of the Great Awakening

Significantly altered religious landscape, leading to diversity in Protestant denominations and decreasing older groups' influence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rationalism

The belief that reason is the primary source of knowledge, emerging during the Enlightenment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empiricism

The theory that knowledge comes from sensory experience and observation of the world.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Progressivism

The belief in continuous improvement and advancement of society through reason and observation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cosmopolitanism

The idea of viewing oneself as a global citizen engaged in worldly affairs, characteristic of Enlightenment thinkers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Freemasons

A fraternal society advocating for Enlightenment principles such as inquiry and tolerance, originating in London.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Benjamin Franklin

An influential Enlightenment figure in British America, known for his writings and promotion of deism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deism

The belief in a God who created the universe but does not intervene, emphasizing personal morality over strict doctrines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

The Great Awakening

  • A Protestant revivalism in 18th-century British America
  • Evangelists from various denominations (Congregationalists, Anglicans, Presbyterians) rejected formal worship for emotional religiosity.
  • Emphasized personal and experiential faith over book learning, appealing to women, young people, and those socially marginalized.
  • Split between "New Lights" (followers) and "Old Lights" (rejects)
  • Led to revivals and excesses, exemplified by James Davenport's public actions.
  • Other figures, like Theodorus Frelinghuysen and Gilbert Tennent, spurred Presbyterian revivals in the Middle Colonies.
  • Jonathan Edwards in Massachusetts led revivals with emphasis on hell's terrors.
  • George Whitefield, a prominent evangelical figure, was itinerant and highly influential.

The Enlightenment

  • An 18th-century intellectual and cultural movement championing reason over superstition and science over blind faith.
  • Key figures like John Locke, Isaac Newton, and Voltaire spread Enlightenment ideals through the press.
  • The movement stressed:
    • Rationalism: belief humans use reason for knowledge.
    • Empiricism: knowledge from experience and observation.
    • Progressivism: belief in human progress.
    • Cosmopolitanism: view of oneself as a global citizen.
  • The Freemasons embraced principles of inquiry and tolerance.
  • Benjamin Franklin was a key figure in bringing Enlightenment ideas to British America.
  • He promoted deism – belief in a God who does not intervene in worldly affairs, and personal morality emphasized over strict doctrines.
  • Franklin's philanthropic initiatives included establishing a library and the American Philosophical Society, and founding the University of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Hospital.
  • Franklin's scientific work, particularly on electricity, exemplified reason and observation.

Georgia Colony

  • James Oglethorpe, a British Parliament member, established Georgia as a colony in 1732, aiming to address British debtors' issue and provide a strategic buffer.
  • The colony was funded by Parliament, focusing on resettling "worthy poor."
  • Oglethorpe aimed for an egalitarian agricultural society without alcohol or slavery.
  • However, colonists from other areas gradually disregarded these prohibitions and later relied on enslaved labor.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

The Great Awakening Quiz
3 questions

The Great Awakening Quiz

TroubleFreeObsidian avatar
TroubleFreeObsidian
The Great Awakening Flashcards
27 questions

The Great Awakening Flashcards

LuxuriantOstrich avatar
LuxuriantOstrich
The Great Awakening Flashcards
8 questions

The Great Awakening Flashcards

HandsomeVariable avatar
HandsomeVariable
Enlightenment and Great Awakening Overview
5 questions

Enlightenment and Great Awakening Overview

VeritableSakura avatar
VeritableSakura
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser