The Golden Age of Tape: 1974-1979 Overview
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Questions and Answers

What musical movement is characterized by a reaction to the perceived excesses of the 1970s?

  • Progressive Rock
  • Punk Rock (correct)
  • Heavy Metal
  • Classic Rock

    • Which producer is associated with multiple albums by Pink Floyd?

  • George Martin
  • Jack Richardson
  • Bob Ezrin (correct)
  • Brian Eno

    • Which of the following artists was NOT mentioned as having worked with Jack Richardson?

  • David Bowie (correct)
  • Lou Reed
  • Alice Cooper
  • Peter Gabriel

    • What is a defining characteristic of the punk genre that emerged in NYC in the mid-70s?

    <p>Simplicity and rawness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common criticism of popular music in the 70s that led to the emergence of punk rock?

    <p>A culture of excessiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did the Vietnam War end?

    <p>1975</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the first Compact Disc prototype developed?

    <p>1979</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following musical styles emerged during the Golden Age of Tape?

    <p>Disco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant technology achievement was reached with the introduction of the 44.1/16 bit standard?

    <p>Perfect sound was achieved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company collaborated with Sony to develop the Compact Disc technology?

    <p>Philips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the standard number of tracks for major productions in the 70s?

    <p>24-32 tracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the Compact Disc become commercially available?

    <p>1982</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pedal became widely used in the styles of Funk and Disco during this era?

    <p>Wah-wah pedal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of Kraftwerk's track 'Autobahn'?

    <p>22 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following artists is NOT mentioned as notable in the 70s?

    <p>Madonna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did The Hit Factory studio open?

    <p>1975</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is noted for widespread use in R&B, Pop, Rock, Funk, and Jazz during the 70s?

    <p>Fender Rhodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following artists is NOT listed as having died before the Golden Age of Tape?

    <p>Bob Dylan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the Lexicon 224 first demonstrated at the AES?

    <p>1978</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement was introduced by the Sony PCM F-1?

    <p>First digital recording device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following songs is associated with Phil Collins?

    <p>In the Air Tonight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable artist is mentioned as having recorded at The Power Station studio?

    <p>Bruce Springsteen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant factor in the origin of hip-hop culture?

    <p>Disco and dub performance techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the Yamaha NS-10 studio monitors?

    <p>They were known for lacking bass response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who hosted street parties in the mid-70s that contributed to the birth of hip-hop?

    <p>Kool Herc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a characteristic of the Lexicon 224?

    <p>It was the second digital reverb ever released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which production duo is credited with defining the disco sound?

    <p>Nile Rogers &amp; Bernard Edwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which song by The Sugarhill Gang is recognized as one of the first hip-hop songs?

    <p>Rapper's Delight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did the automation system NECAM get released?

    <p>1977</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CL in dbx 160 stand for?

    <p>Compressor Limiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which studio is famous for its Neve console and contributed to many iconic albums?

    <p>Sound City Studios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the sound of disco music?

    <p>Up-tempo rhythms with syncopated bass lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique did DJ Kool Herc use to keep the audience engaged?

    <p>Merry Go Round technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable event signaled the decline of disco culture?

    <p>The disco demolition night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate price of the Lexicon 224 in 1978?

    <p>$7900</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT a component of hip-hop culture?

    <p>Distortion pedals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology introduced by the dbx company was significant for its program-dependent attack and release?

    <p>dbx 160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which album from Fleetwood Mac won Grammy Album of the Year in 1978?

    <p>Rumours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovative music style is Lee 'Scratch' Perry known for pioneering?

    <p>Dub music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of technology did the EMT 250 introduce in 1976?

    <p>First digital reverb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bands is famously associated with the album 'A Night at the Opera'?

    <p>Queen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes dub plates from other types of vinyl pressings?

    <p>They are pre-release versions of songs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tape delay unit is considered iconic and vital to the dub sound?

    <p>Roland Space Echo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sound does the RE-201 tape delay produce?

    <p>Warm, saturated analog sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Stevie Wonder's album 'Songs in the Key of Life' win the Grammy for Album of the Year?

    <p>1976</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of the Neve 80 Series Consoles?

    <p>High-quality preamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which musician originally owned Electric Ladyland Studios?

    <p>Jimi Hendrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is known for its use of 8 voices and was used in the film Blade Runner?

    <p>Yamaha CS-80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Golden Age of Tape: Part II (1974-1979) - Overview

    • Vietnam War ended in 1975
    • Many prominent musicians from the 1960s passed away
      • Jimi Hendrix
      • Sam Cooke
      • Janis Joplin
      • Diane Allman
      • Brian Jones (Rolling Stones)
      • Otis Redding
    • First digital recording equipment was released
    • Many new musical genres emerged
      • Electronic music
      • Disco
      • Punk
      • Reggae/Dub
      • Hip-hop
      • Prog Rock
      • Heavy Metal
      • Jazz Fusion

    The 70's Sound

    • 24-32 tracks became standard for major productions
    • Overdubbing and instrument isolation became prevalent
    • Digital delays and reverbs became more accessible
    • Heavily dampened drum sounds gained popularity ("dead drums")
    • Wah-wah pedals were widely used (especially in Funk and Disco)
    • Fender Rhodes keyboards were frequently used (especially in R&B, Pop, Rock, Funk, and Jazz)
    • More time was spent on studio crafting and meticulous production

    Kraftwerk - "Autobahn"

    • Released in 1974
    • German electronic band
    • Pioneered ground-breaking electronic music
    • 22-minute track length
    • Surprising hit! (radio edit)

    The Hit Factory

    • Opened in 1975 in New York City
    • Large complex with recording studios, mastering rooms, rehearsal rooms, gym, and apartments.
    • Over 100,000 square feet
    • Expanded to Miami later
    • Many famous artists have recorded at the Hit Factory

    The Eagles

    • Formed in Los Angeles
    • Active from 1971-1980, later reunited
    • Original members Glenn Frey and Don Henley met while playing in Linda Ronstadt's band

    The Record Plant

    • Had two locations: New York City (closed in the mid-80s) and Los Angeles
    • Famous for producing numerous classic albums

    Stevie Wonder - "Innervisions"

    • Released album in the 1970's.

    Guns 'n' Roses- "Appetite for Destruction"

    • Released album in the 1970s.

    Fleetwood Mac - "Rumours"

    • Released album in the 1970s.

    Steely Dan - "Aja"

    • Released album in 1977
    • Featured over 30 session musicians

    Pioneers of Dub (Osbourne "King Tubby" Rudduck)

    • Major figure in the development of dub music
    • Created a custom sound system
    • Inventor of the remix, considered an early form of remixing music
    • Pioneer Lee "Scratch" Perry, was a major figure in dub music

    Queen

    • Formed in London in 1970
    • Lead singer: Freddie Mercury
    • Lead guitarist: Brian May
    • Released song and album "A Night at the Opera".

    EMT 250

    • Released in 1976
    • Successor of the EMT 150
    • A German company
    • First digital reverb
    • Algorithm designed by MIT professor
    • Cost approximately $20,000

    Polyphonic Synths of the Mid-70's

    • Mellotron (1970) Model 400
    • ARP Odyssey (1972)
    • Moog Polymoog (1975)
    • Yamaha CS-80 (1976)

    Electric Ladyland Studio

    • Located in New York City's Greenwich Village
    • Originally owned by Jimi Hendrix
    • Named after Hendrix's album "Electric Ladyland"
    • Major studio of the 1970s

    Neve 80 Series Console

    • AMS Neve (Rupert Neve)
    • 1081 preamps (1973)
    • Many 80 series desks
    • Fat, round, warm (often used for rock, acoustic, jazz)

    dbx 160

    • Released 1976
    • David Blackmer, founder of dbx
    • Early VCA (voltage-controlled amplifier) compressor
    • Popular particularly on drums

    Sony PCM F-1

    • Released in 1977
    • First digital recording device
    • First AD/DA converter
    • PCM (pulse code modulation)
    • 16-bit
    • Paired with video recorder

    The Power Station

    • One of New York City's major recording studios in the 1970s

    Disco

    • Short for discotheque
    • Loft parties and private clubs for sexual and visible minorities
    • The birth of club culture and the club DJ
    • The sound of disco was up-tempo, with 4/4 time signature.
    • Syncopated bass lines and funky bass
    • Lush arrangements featuring musical strings
    • Studio 54 in New York City
    • Saturday Night Fever (1977 movie)
    • Notable artists: The Bee Gees, Donna Summer, Chic

    Nile Rogers & Bernard Edwards (Chic)

    • Production duo
    • Defined the disco sound

    Yamaha NS-10

    • Released in 1978

    Fleetwood Mac "Rumours"

    • Grammy Album of the Year in 1978
    • Largely recorded while band members were breaking up
    • Massive commercial success
    • Recorded at Record Plant and Sound City in California

    Roland CR-78

    • Released in 1978
    • Analog drum machine

    Lexicon 224

    • First demo at AES in 1978
    • Released in 1979
    • 2nd digital reverb of the time
    • Ubiquitous in the 1980s

    Birth of Hip-Hop

    • Originated in New York City during the mid-to-late 1970s
    • Combined disco and dub performance techniques
    • Three key elements of hip-hop culture: music (turntablism and rapping), graffiti (using logos and designs), and breakdancing (B-boys and B-girls)
    • The Sugarhill Gang's song "Rapper's Delight"

    DJ Kool Herc

    • Jamaican born New Yorker
    • Hosted street parties starting in 1973
    • Used turntables and mixers to repeat drum breaks

    Sound City Studios

    • Opened in 1970 in Van Nuys, California
    • Famous Neve console
    • Epitomized the dirty 70's studio sound
    • Featured in a documentary

    Bob Ezrin

    • Famous Canadian producer

    Birth of Punk Rock

    • Emerged in NYC in the mid-70s
    • Reaction to perceived excesses of the 1970s
    • Faster songs, anti-establishment messages, DIY approach
    • Punk icons include the Ramones, Sex Pistols, Misfits, Black Flag, and Henry Rollins.

    The Clash

    • Formed in London in 1976
    • Improved upon the craft side of punk records
    • Released in 1979
    • Incorporated other genres into their sound
    • Famous for "London Calling".

    Ampex ATR-102

    • Released in 1977
    • Industry standard 2-track tape machine
    • Used primarily for mixdowns and mastering
    • Modeled by UAD

    David Bowie - "Heroes"

    • Released in 1977
    • Recorded in Berlin
    • Produced by Brian Eno and Tony Visconti, and features Robert Fripp.

    The Synclavier

    • Digital synthesizer released in 1977
    • Made by New England Digital
    • Used in various ways.

    Studer A800

    • Released in 1978
    • Swiss company
    • Exceptionally well-designed
    • Controlled by a microprocessor
    • Used 2-inch tape

    SSL

    • First released in 1970-71

    Michael Jackson - "Off the Wall"

    • First solo album
    • Released in 1979
    • String disco influence
    • Established Michael as a star
    • Produced by Quincy Jones
    • Engineered by Bruce Swedien

    Fairlight CMI

    • Released in 1979
    • Computer musical instrument
    • Breakthrough instrument
    • Digital polyphonic synth
    • Sampler

    The Compact Disc Prototype

    • Developed by Philips and Sony
    • Laser disc technology used in the first prototype
    • Released in 1979
    • 44.1 kHz, 16 bit audio

    Other Notable Artists of the 70's

    • The Police
    • AC/DC
    • Elton John
    • Billy Joel
    • The Doobie Brothers
    • Paul Simon
    • Iron Maiden
    • Prince
    • Rush
    • Grand Funk Railroad
    • Van Halen
    • Peter Gabriel
    • Herbie Hancock
    • Bill Withers
    • James Taylor
    • Frank Zappa
    • KISS

    Previous and Next

    • The Golden Age of Tape: Part I (1970-1973)
    • The Digital Revolution: Part I (1980-1989)

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    The Golden Age of Tape: Part II (1974-1979) PDF

    Description

    Explore the transformative years of music from 1974 to 1979, highlighting notable events like the end of the Vietnam War and the emergence of digital recording. Discover the key musicians who passed away and the new genres that shaped the music scene, including punk, disco, and electronic music. Delve into the innovative sound production techniques that defined this pivotal era.

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