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Questions and Answers
What musical movement is characterized by a reaction to the perceived excesses of the 1970s?
What musical movement is characterized by a reaction to the perceived excesses of the 1970s?
- Progressive Rock
- Punk Rock (correct)
- Heavy Metal
- Classic Rock
Which producer is associated with multiple albums by Pink Floyd?
Which producer is associated with multiple albums by Pink Floyd?
- George Martin
- Jack Richardson
- Bob Ezrin (correct)
- Brian Eno
Which of the following artists was NOT mentioned as having worked with Jack Richardson?
Which of the following artists was NOT mentioned as having worked with Jack Richardson?
- David Bowie (correct)
- Lou Reed
- Alice Cooper
- Peter Gabriel
What is a defining characteristic of the punk genre that emerged in NYC in the mid-70s?
What is a defining characteristic of the punk genre that emerged in NYC in the mid-70s?
What was a common criticism of popular music in the 70s that led to the emergence of punk rock?
What was a common criticism of popular music in the 70s that led to the emergence of punk rock?
What year did the Vietnam War end?
What year did the Vietnam War end?
What year was the first Compact Disc prototype developed?
What year was the first Compact Disc prototype developed?
Which of the following musical styles emerged during the Golden Age of Tape?
Which of the following musical styles emerged during the Golden Age of Tape?
What significant technology achievement was reached with the introduction of the 44.1/16 bit standard?
What significant technology achievement was reached with the introduction of the 44.1/16 bit standard?
Which company collaborated with Sony to develop the Compact Disc technology?
Which company collaborated with Sony to develop the Compact Disc technology?
What was the standard number of tracks for major productions in the 70s?
What was the standard number of tracks for major productions in the 70s?
In what year did the Compact Disc become commercially available?
In what year did the Compact Disc become commercially available?
Which pedal became widely used in the styles of Funk and Disco during this era?
Which pedal became widely used in the styles of Funk and Disco during this era?
What is the length of Kraftwerk's track 'Autobahn'?
What is the length of Kraftwerk's track 'Autobahn'?
Which of the following artists is NOT mentioned as notable in the 70s?
Which of the following artists is NOT mentioned as notable in the 70s?
In what year did The Hit Factory studio open?
In what year did The Hit Factory studio open?
Which instrument is noted for widespread use in R&B, Pop, Rock, Funk, and Jazz during the 70s?
Which instrument is noted for widespread use in R&B, Pop, Rock, Funk, and Jazz during the 70s?
Which of the following artists is NOT listed as having died before the Golden Age of Tape?
Which of the following artists is NOT listed as having died before the Golden Age of Tape?
What year was the Lexicon 224 first demonstrated at the AES?
What year was the Lexicon 224 first demonstrated at the AES?
What technological advancement was introduced by the Sony PCM F-1?
What technological advancement was introduced by the Sony PCM F-1?
Which of the following songs is associated with Phil Collins?
Which of the following songs is associated with Phil Collins?
Which notable artist is mentioned as having recorded at The Power Station studio?
Which notable artist is mentioned as having recorded at The Power Station studio?
What was a significant factor in the origin of hip-hop culture?
What was a significant factor in the origin of hip-hop culture?
What was significant about the Yamaha NS-10 studio monitors?
What was significant about the Yamaha NS-10 studio monitors?
Who hosted street parties in the mid-70s that contributed to the birth of hip-hop?
Who hosted street parties in the mid-70s that contributed to the birth of hip-hop?
Which of the following was a characteristic of the Lexicon 224?
Which of the following was a characteristic of the Lexicon 224?
Which production duo is credited with defining the disco sound?
Which production duo is credited with defining the disco sound?
Which song by The Sugarhill Gang is recognized as one of the first hip-hop songs?
Which song by The Sugarhill Gang is recognized as one of the first hip-hop songs?
What year did the automation system NECAM get released?
What year did the automation system NECAM get released?
What does the CL in dbx 160 stand for?
What does the CL in dbx 160 stand for?
Which studio is famous for its Neve console and contributed to many iconic albums?
Which studio is famous for its Neve console and contributed to many iconic albums?
Which of the following best describes the sound of disco music?
Which of the following best describes the sound of disco music?
What technique did DJ Kool Herc use to keep the audience engaged?
What technique did DJ Kool Herc use to keep the audience engaged?
What notable event signaled the decline of disco culture?
What notable event signaled the decline of disco culture?
What was the approximate price of the Lexicon 224 in 1978?
What was the approximate price of the Lexicon 224 in 1978?
Which of the following elements is NOT a component of hip-hop culture?
Which of the following elements is NOT a component of hip-hop culture?
What technology introduced by the dbx company was significant for its program-dependent attack and release?
What technology introduced by the dbx company was significant for its program-dependent attack and release?
Which album from Fleetwood Mac won Grammy Album of the Year in 1978?
Which album from Fleetwood Mac won Grammy Album of the Year in 1978?
What innovative music style is Lee 'Scratch' Perry known for pioneering?
What innovative music style is Lee 'Scratch' Perry known for pioneering?
What kind of technology did the EMT 250 introduce in 1976?
What kind of technology did the EMT 250 introduce in 1976?
Which of the following bands is famously associated with the album 'A Night at the Opera'?
Which of the following bands is famously associated with the album 'A Night at the Opera'?
What distinguishes dub plates from other types of vinyl pressings?
What distinguishes dub plates from other types of vinyl pressings?
Which tape delay unit is considered iconic and vital to the dub sound?
Which tape delay unit is considered iconic and vital to the dub sound?
What type of sound does the RE-201 tape delay produce?
What type of sound does the RE-201 tape delay produce?
In what year did Stevie Wonder's album 'Songs in the Key of Life' win the Grammy for Album of the Year?
In what year did Stevie Wonder's album 'Songs in the Key of Life' win the Grammy for Album of the Year?
Which feature is characteristic of the Neve 80 Series Consoles?
Which feature is characteristic of the Neve 80 Series Consoles?
Which musician originally owned Electric Ladyland Studios?
Which musician originally owned Electric Ladyland Studios?
What instrument is known for its use of 8 voices and was used in the film Blade Runner?
What instrument is known for its use of 8 voices and was used in the film Blade Runner?
Flashcards
Golden Age of Tape (1974-1979)
Golden Age of Tape (1974-1979)
A period of significant musical innovation and studio recording techniques during the mid-1970s.
Multi-tracking (1970s)
Multi-tracking (1970s)
A studio recording technique allowing multiple tracks to be recorded simultaneously; became a standard.
Digital Delays/Reverbs
Digital Delays/Reverbs
Electronic effects available in the 1970s, significantly impacting the sound production of recordings.
Kraftwerk's "Autobahn"
Kraftwerk's "Autobahn"
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Minimoog
Minimoog
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The Hit Factory
The Hit Factory
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Punk Music
Punk Music
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Disco Music
Disco Music
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Punk Rock Birthplace
Punk Rock Birthplace
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Punk Rock Roots
Punk Rock Roots
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Punk's Connection to Garage Rock
Punk's Connection to Garage Rock
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Punk's Rebellion
Punk's Rebellion
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Punk Rock Focus
Punk Rock Focus
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NECAM
NECAM
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dbx 160
dbx 160
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Sony PCM F-1
Sony PCM F-1
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The Power Station
The Power Station
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Disco
Disco
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Yamaha NS-10
Yamaha NS-10
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Fleetwood Mac - "Rumours"
Fleetwood Mac - "Rumours"
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Roland CR-78
Roland CR-78
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Nile Rogers & Bernard Edwards
Nile Rogers & Bernard Edwards
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SMPTE code
SMPTE code
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Lee "Scratch" Perry's impact on music
Lee "Scratch" Perry's impact on music
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Dub music style
Dub music style
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Queen’s 'A Night at the Opera'
Queen’s 'A Night at the Opera'
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EMT 250
EMT 250
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Polyphonic Synth of the 70s
Polyphonic Synth of the 70s
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Stevie Wonder's "Songs in the Key of Life"
Stevie Wonder's "Songs in the Key of Life"
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Electric Ladyland Studios
Electric Ladyland Studios
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Neve 80 Series consoles
Neve 80 Series consoles
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Roland Space Echo
Roland Space Echo
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Dub plates
Dub plates
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Compact Disc (CD) Prototype
Compact Disc (CD) Prototype
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16-bit / 44.1kHz Sampling
16-bit / 44.1kHz Sampling
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The Digital Revolution: Part I
The Digital Revolution: Part I
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The Golden Age of Tape
The Golden Age of Tape
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What does the '44.1' in 44.1 / 16-bit refer to?
What does the '44.1' in 44.1 / 16-bit refer to?
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Lexicon 224
Lexicon 224
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Hip-hop culture's 3 elements
Hip-hop culture's 3 elements
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What was Sugarhill Gang's 'Rapper's Delight' based on?
What was Sugarhill Gang's 'Rapper's Delight' based on?
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DJ Kool Herc
DJ Kool Herc
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Sound City Studios
Sound City Studios
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Tom Petty's 'Damn the Torpedoes'
Tom Petty's 'Damn the Torpedoes'
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Bob Ezrin
Bob Ezrin
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Merry Go Round Technique
Merry Go Round Technique
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How did Hip-Hop originate?
How did Hip-Hop originate?
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What does 'turntablism' refer to?
What does 'turntablism' refer to?
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Study Notes
The Golden Age of Tape: Part II (1974-1979) - Overview
- Vietnam War ended in 1975
- Many prominent musicians from the 1960s passed away
- Jimi Hendrix
- Sam Cooke
- Janis Joplin
- Diane Allman
- Brian Jones (Rolling Stones)
- Otis Redding
- First digital recording equipment was released
- Many new musical genres emerged
- Electronic music
- Disco
- Punk
- Reggae/Dub
- Hip-hop
- Prog Rock
- Heavy Metal
- Jazz Fusion
The 70's Sound
- 24-32 tracks became standard for major productions
- Overdubbing and instrument isolation became prevalent
- Digital delays and reverbs became more accessible
- Heavily dampened drum sounds gained popularity ("dead drums")
- Wah-wah pedals were widely used (especially in Funk and Disco)
- Fender Rhodes keyboards were frequently used (especially in R&B, Pop, Rock, Funk, and Jazz)
- More time was spent on studio crafting and meticulous production
Kraftwerk - "Autobahn"
- Released in 1974
- German electronic band
- Pioneered ground-breaking electronic music
- 22-minute track length
- Surprising hit! (radio edit)
The Hit Factory
- Opened in 1975 in New York City
- Large complex with recording studios, mastering rooms, rehearsal rooms, gym, and apartments.
- Over 100,000 square feet
- Expanded to Miami later
- Many famous artists have recorded at the Hit Factory
The Eagles
- Formed in Los Angeles
- Active from 1971-1980, later reunited
- Original members Glenn Frey and Don Henley met while playing in Linda Ronstadt's band
The Record Plant
- Had two locations: New York City (closed in the mid-80s) and Los Angeles
- Famous for producing numerous classic albums
Stevie Wonder - "Innervisions"
- Released album in the 1970's.
Guns 'n' Roses- "Appetite for Destruction"
- Released album in the 1970s.
Fleetwood Mac - "Rumours"
- Released album in the 1970s.
Steely Dan - "Aja"
- Released album in 1977
- Featured over 30 session musicians
Pioneers of Dub (Osbourne "King Tubby" Rudduck)
- Major figure in the development of dub music
- Created a custom sound system
- Inventor of the remix, considered an early form of remixing music
- Pioneer Lee "Scratch" Perry, was a major figure in dub music
Queen
- Formed in London in 1970
- Lead singer: Freddie Mercury
- Lead guitarist: Brian May
- Released song and album "A Night at the Opera".
EMT 250
- Released in 1976
- Successor of the EMT 150
- A German company
- First digital reverb
- Algorithm designed by MIT professor
- Cost approximately $20,000
Polyphonic Synths of the Mid-70's
- Mellotron (1970) Model 400
- ARP Odyssey (1972)
- Moog Polymoog (1975)
- Yamaha CS-80 (1976)
Electric Ladyland Studio
- Located in New York City's Greenwich Village
- Originally owned by Jimi Hendrix
- Named after Hendrix's album "Electric Ladyland"
- Major studio of the 1970s
Neve 80 Series Console
- AMS Neve (Rupert Neve)
- 1081 preamps (1973)
- Many 80 series desks
- Fat, round, warm (often used for rock, acoustic, jazz)
dbx 160
- Released 1976
- David Blackmer, founder of dbx
- Early VCA (voltage-controlled amplifier) compressor
- Popular particularly on drums
Sony PCM F-1
- Released in 1977
- First digital recording device
- First AD/DA converter
- PCM (pulse code modulation)
- 16-bit
- Paired with video recorder
The Power Station
- One of New York City's major recording studios in the 1970s
Disco
- Short for discotheque
- Loft parties and private clubs for sexual and visible minorities
- The birth of club culture and the club DJ
- The sound of disco was up-tempo, with 4/4 time signature.
- Syncopated bass lines and funky bass
- Lush arrangements featuring musical strings
- Studio 54 in New York City
- Saturday Night Fever (1977 movie)
- Notable artists: The Bee Gees, Donna Summer, Chic
Nile Rogers & Bernard Edwards (Chic)
- Production duo
- Defined the disco sound
Yamaha NS-10
- Released in 1978
Fleetwood Mac "Rumours"
- Grammy Album of the Year in 1978
- Largely recorded while band members were breaking up
- Massive commercial success
- Recorded at Record Plant and Sound City in California
Roland CR-78
- Released in 1978
- Analog drum machine
Lexicon 224
- First demo at AES in 1978
- Released in 1979
- 2nd digital reverb of the time
- Ubiquitous in the 1980s
Birth of Hip-Hop
- Originated in New York City during the mid-to-late 1970s
- Combined disco and dub performance techniques
- Three key elements of hip-hop culture: music (turntablism and rapping), graffiti (using logos and designs), and breakdancing (B-boys and B-girls)
- The Sugarhill Gang's song "Rapper's Delight"
DJ Kool Herc
- Jamaican born New Yorker
- Hosted street parties starting in 1973
- Used turntables and mixers to repeat drum breaks
Sound City Studios
- Opened in 1970 in Van Nuys, California
- Famous Neve console
- Epitomized the dirty 70's studio sound
- Featured in a documentary
Bob Ezrin
- Famous Canadian producer
Birth of Punk Rock
- Emerged in NYC in the mid-70s
- Reaction to perceived excesses of the 1970s
- Faster songs, anti-establishment messages, DIY approach
- Punk icons include the Ramones, Sex Pistols, Misfits, Black Flag, and Henry Rollins.
The Clash
- Formed in London in 1976
- Improved upon the craft side of punk records
- Released in 1979
- Incorporated other genres into their sound
- Famous for "London Calling".
Ampex ATR-102
- Released in 1977
- Industry standard 2-track tape machine
- Used primarily for mixdowns and mastering
- Modeled by UAD
David Bowie - "Heroes"
- Released in 1977
- Recorded in Berlin
- Produced by Brian Eno and Tony Visconti, and features Robert Fripp.
The Synclavier
- Digital synthesizer released in 1977
- Made by New England Digital
- Used in various ways.
Studer A800
- Released in 1978
- Swiss company
- Exceptionally well-designed
- Controlled by a microprocessor
- Used 2-inch tape
SSL
- First released in 1970-71
Michael Jackson - "Off the Wall"
- First solo album
- Released in 1979
- String disco influence
- Established Michael as a star
- Produced by Quincy Jones
- Engineered by Bruce Swedien
Fairlight CMI
- Released in 1979
- Computer musical instrument
- Breakthrough instrument
- Digital polyphonic synth
- Sampler
The Compact Disc Prototype
- Developed by Philips and Sony
- Laser disc technology used in the first prototype
- Released in 1979
- 44.1 kHz, 16 bit audio
Other Notable Artists of the 70's
- The Police
- AC/DC
- Elton John
- Billy Joel
- The Doobie Brothers
- Paul Simon
- Iron Maiden
- Prince
- Rush
- Grand Funk Railroad
- Van Halen
- Peter Gabriel
- Herbie Hancock
- Bill Withers
- James Taylor
- Frank Zappa
- KISS
Previous and Next
- The Golden Age of Tape: Part I (1970-1973)
- The Digital Revolution: Part I (1980-1989)
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Description
Explore the transformative years of music from 1974 to 1979, highlighting notable events like the end of the Vietnam War and the emergence of digital recording. Discover the key musicians who passed away and the new genres that shaped the music scene, including punk, disco, and electronic music. Delve into the innovative sound production techniques that defined this pivotal era.
