The Glycolytic Energy System Quiz

Hypoglycaemia, weakness, hunger, dizziness, loss of consciousness, coma or irreversible brain damage

5 to 8%

Amount depends on frequency, duration and intensity of the exercise, but training athletes should aim for 60% and intense training athletes should aim for 70%

<ol> <li>ATP-PCr system (anaerobic) 2. Glycolytic system (anaerobic) 3. Oxidative system (aerobic)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To split sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GLUT 2 Transporters - Liver, Pancreas, Renal tubules. GLUT 4 Transporters - Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To phosphorylate glucose into glucose 6-phosphate, keeping glucose in the cell and priming the process of glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It continues to Stage 2, Krebs cycle, which requires O2 and oxidative phosphorylation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 ATP for glucose and 3 ATP for glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrate is important for providing energy during exercise, specifically during endurance events. It also affects gastric emptying and can impact performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP, which is used for energy in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are several types of muscle fibers including slow-twitch oxidative, fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic, and glycolytic fibers. They differ in their energy systems and abilities to generate force and endurance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three types of carbohydrates are polysaccharides (10+ sugars), oligosaccharides (3-9 sugars), and monosaccharides (1 sugar). They differ in their chemical structure and how they are broken down and used in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogenesis is the process of converting excess blood glucose to glycogen for storage in the liver or muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average person stores around 8400 kJ (500 g x 17 kJ) of energy in the form of glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogenolysis is the process of converting glycogen to glucose for eventual use as energy. The glucose is then transferred to muscles via the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Hitting the wall' is a phenomenon linked to glycogen depletion during endurance exercise, commonly reported by marathon runners after about 35km. When glycogen stores are exhausted, performance is affected, and symptoms such as tingling, numbness, confusion, and a significant decrease in pace can occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PFK 'senses' increased energy demand and increases glycolysis rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NAD+ and FAD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are transported via lactate transport proteins and can be buffered or enter the Cori cycle for gluconeogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>OIL RIG (Oxidation is Loss, Reduction is Gain) explains the transfer of electrons from NAD+ to NADH, where NAD+ is reduced by gaining an electron and a whole hydrogen atom (proton and electron) attaches to NAD to form NADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buffering systems are chemical and physical mechanisms that help maintain pH within tolerable limits by neutralizing acidic/alkaline conditions. Chemical buffers restore pH within a fraction of a second, while physical buffers assist chemical buffers and provide long-term control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bicarbonate buffering system is a chemical buffer that neutralizes excess H+ ions in the blood by converting them into H2CO3 (carbonic acid), which then breaks down into CO2 and H2O. This helps maintain pH within tolerable limits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood lactate measurement during exercise is significant because it indicates the intensity of exercise and the body's ability to clear lactate. The usual levels of blood lactate at rest are 1-2 mmol·L-1, while maximal exercise can produce levels of ~20-22 mmol·L-1.</p> Signup and view all the answers