The Fundamentals of Biological Systems and Cellular Life Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an advantage of carbon as a basis for living systems?

  • Carbon has a high electronegativity.
  • Carbon can form stable covalent bonds with other elements. (correct)
  • Carbon can easily form double bonds with other elements.
  • Carbon has a wide range of stable isotopes.

Why is silicon not a good substitute for carbon in biological systems?

  • Silicon forms weaker bonds compared to carbon. (correct)
  • Silicon cannot form stable double bonds.
  • Silicon has a lower electronegativity than carbon.
  • Silicon is less abundant than carbon.

Which equation represents the relationship between free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), temperature (T), and entropy change (∆S)?

  • $∆G = ∆H * T∆S$
  • $∆G = ∆H / T∆S$
  • $∆G = ∆H + T∆S$
  • $∆G = ∆H - T∆S$ (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a feature of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?

<p>Low heat of vaporization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of polar molecules interacting with water?

<p>They dissolve in water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the ionization of water is correct?

<p>Water ionizes into H+ and OH- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of hierarchal levels of protein structure?

<p>Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds during protein folding?

<p>Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?

<p>Breaking down misfolded proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is commonly used to determine protein structure by studying the diffraction pattern of X-rays passing through a crystal?

<p>X-ray crystallography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?

<p>Low heat capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is NOT naturally occurring in proteins?

<p>Cysteine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is NOT commonly used to determine protein structure?

<p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a force that determines protein structure?

<p>Peptide bond formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a structural motif commonly found in proteins?

<p>Phi helix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collagen?

<p>Flexible and elastic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used to break disulfide bonds in proteins?

<p>Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a term used to describe peptides?

<p>Dipeptide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of carbon as a basis for living systems?

<p>High reactivity with water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds during protein folding?

<p>Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?

<p>Assisting in the isomerization of peptide bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is commonly used to determine protein structure by studying the diffraction pattern of X-rays passing through a crystal?

<p>X-ray crystallography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques can be used to determine protein structure by measuring the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei?

<p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques can be used to determine protein structure by freezing the protein sample and imaging it using an electron beam?

<p>Cryo-electron microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of protein folding diseases such as prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders?

<p>They are characterized by abnormal folding of proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in protein folding?

<p>Catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?

<p>Assisting in the isomerization of peptide bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of computer software and AI in predicting protein structure?

<p>Predicting protein structure using computer software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of x-ray crystallography, NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy in determining protein structure?

<p>Determining protein structure using x-ray crystallography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of carbon as a basis for living systems?

<p>Carbon can form stable bonds with many other elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is silicon not a good substitute for carbon in biological systems?

<p>Silicon cannot form complex organic molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the relationship between free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), temperature (T), and entropy change (∆S)?

<p>∆G = ∆H - T∆S (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?

<p>Low surface tension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of polar molecules interacting with water?

<p>They dissolve easily in water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential element for life?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a building block of biomolecules?

<p>Carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of biomolecules?

<p>Enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an enantiomer?

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a genetic foundation of life?

<p>Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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