The Fundamentals of Biological Systems and Cellular Life Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an advantage of carbon as a basis for living systems?

  • Carbon has a high electronegativity.
  • Carbon can form stable covalent bonds with other elements. (correct)
  • Carbon can easily form double bonds with other elements.
  • Carbon has a wide range of stable isotopes.

    • Why is silicon not a good substitute for carbon in biological systems?

  • Silicon forms weaker bonds compared to carbon. (correct)
  • Silicon cannot form stable double bonds.
  • Silicon has a lower electronegativity than carbon.
  • Silicon is less abundant than carbon.

    • Which equation represents the relationship between free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), temperature (T), and entropy change (∆S)?

  • $∆G = ∆H * T∆S$
  • $∆G = ∆H / T∆S$
  • $∆G = ∆H + T∆S$
  • $∆G = ∆H - T∆S$ (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a feature of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Low heat of vaporization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of polar molecules interacting with water?

    <p>They dissolve in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the ionization of water is correct?

    <p>Water ionizes into H+ and OH-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct order of hierarchal levels of protein structure?

    <p>Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds during protein folding?

    <p>Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?

    <p>Breaking down misfolded proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is commonly used to determine protein structure by studying the diffraction pattern of X-rays passing through a crystal?

    <p>X-ray crystallography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Low heat capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is NOT naturally occurring in proteins?

    <p>Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is NOT commonly used to determine protein structure?

    <p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a force that determines protein structure?

    <p>Peptide bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a structural motif commonly found in proteins?

    <p>Phi helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collagen?

    <p>Flexible and elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method used to break disulfide bonds in proteins?

    <p>Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a term used to describe peptides?

    <p>Dipeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of carbon as a basis for living systems?

    <p>High reactivity with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds during protein folding?

    <p>Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?

    <p>Assisting in the isomerization of peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is commonly used to determine protein structure by studying the diffraction pattern of X-rays passing through a crystal?

    <p>X-ray crystallography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques can be used to determine protein structure by measuring the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei?

    <p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques can be used to determine protein structure by freezing the protein sample and imaging it using an electron beam?

    <p>Cryo-electron microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of protein folding diseases such as prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders?

    <p>They are characterized by abnormal folding of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in protein folding?

    <p>Catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?

    <p>Assisting in the isomerization of peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of computer software and AI in predicting protein structure?

    <p>Predicting protein structure using computer software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of x-ray crystallography, NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy in determining protein structure?

    <p>Determining protein structure using x-ray crystallography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of carbon as a basis for living systems?

    <p>Carbon can form stable bonds with many other elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is silicon not a good substitute for carbon in biological systems?

    <p>Silicon cannot form complex organic molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the relationship between free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), temperature (T), and entropy change (∆S)?

    <p>∆G = ∆H - T∆S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Low surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of polar molecules interacting with water?

    <p>They dissolve easily in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an essential element for life?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a building block of biomolecules?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of biomolecules?

    <p>Enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an enantiomer?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a genetic foundation of life?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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