39 Questions
Which of the following is an advantage of carbon as a basis for living systems?
Carbon can form stable covalent bonds with other elements.
Why is silicon not a good substitute for carbon in biological systems?
Silicon forms weaker bonds compared to carbon.
Which equation represents the relationship between free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), temperature (T), and entropy change (∆S)?
$∆G = ∆H - T∆S$
Which of the following is NOT a feature of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?
Low heat of vaporization
Which of the following is a characteristic of polar molecules interacting with water?
They dissolve in water
Which of the following statements about the ionization of water is correct?
Water ionizes into H+ and OH-
Which of the following is the correct order of hierarchal levels of protein structure?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Which enzyme is involved in catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds during protein folding?
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)
What is the role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?
Breaking down misfolded proteins
Which technique is commonly used to determine protein structure by studying the diffraction pattern of X-rays passing through a crystal?
X-ray crystallography
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?
Low heat capacity
Which of the following amino acids is NOT naturally occurring in proteins?
Cysteine
Which of the following techniques is NOT commonly used to determine protein structure?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Which of the following is NOT a force that determines protein structure?
Peptide bond formation
Which of the following is NOT a structural motif commonly found in proteins?
Phi helix
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collagen?
Flexible and elastic
Which of the following is NOT a method used to break disulfide bonds in proteins?
Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide
Which of the following is NOT a term used to describe peptides?
Dipeptide
Which of the following is NOT a feature of carbon as a basis for living systems?
High reactivity with water
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds during protein folding?
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)
Which of the following is a key role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?
Assisting in the isomerization of peptide bonds
Which technique is commonly used to determine protein structure by studying the diffraction pattern of X-rays passing through a crystal?
X-ray crystallography
Which of the following techniques can be used to determine protein structure by measuring the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei?
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Which of the following techniques can be used to determine protein structure by freezing the protein sample and imaging it using an electron beam?
Cryo-electron microscopy
Which of the following is a characteristic of protein folding diseases such as prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders?
They are characterized by abnormal folding of proteins
What is the role of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in protein folding?
Catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds
What is the role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) in protein folding?
Assisting in the isomerization of peptide bonds
What is the role of computer software and AI in predicting protein structure?
Predicting protein structure using computer software
What is the role of x-ray crystallography, NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy in determining protein structure?
Determining protein structure using x-ray crystallography
Which of the following is an advantage of carbon as a basis for living systems?
Carbon can form stable bonds with many other elements.
Why is silicon not a good substitute for carbon in biological systems?
Silicon cannot form complex organic molecules.
Which equation represents the relationship between free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), temperature (T), and entropy change (∆S)?
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
Which of the following is NOT a feature of water that is attributed to its hydrogen bonding?
Low surface tension
Which of the following is a characteristic of polar molecules interacting with water?
They dissolve easily in water.
Which of the following is an essential element for life?
Calcium
Which of the following is a building block of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates
Which of the following is NOT a category of biomolecules?
Enzymes
Which of the following is an example of an enantiomer?
Glucose
Which of the following is NOT a genetic foundation of life?
Mitosis
Test your knowledge on the essential elements in biological systems, the advantages of carbon in living systems, and the cellular foundations of life. Explore topics such as prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells, cell membranes, DNA packaging, cellular dimensions, phylogeny of life, archae/bacteria habitats, and sources of energy.
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