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The Functions of the Nervous System
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The Functions of the Nervous System

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Questions and Answers

What are the function of the nervous system?

  • Producing hormones
  • Processing sensory input (integration)
  • Both a and d (correct)
  • collecting (gathering information)

    • What is the purpose of sensory input in the nervous system?

  • To monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body. Changes= stimuli. (correct)
  • To produce hormones
  • Both A and B
  • change body temperature

    • What is the role of integration in the nervous system?

  • To digest food
  • To control body temperature
  • To process and interpret sensory input (correct)
  • To produce hormones

    • Which of the following best describes motor output?

    <p>A response to integrated stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of motor output?

    <p>To activate muscles or glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when motor output is triggered?

    <p>Muscles or glands are activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main classifications of the nervous system?

    <p>Structural and functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are part of the central nervous system?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the central nervous system?

    <p>Integration; command center  Interpret incoming sensory information  Issues outgoing instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system carries impulses to and from the spinal cord?

    <p>Spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>To serve as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, and glands or muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system carries impulses to and from the brain?

    <p>Cranial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the peripheral nervous system carries information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints?

    <p>Somatic sensory fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the peripheral nervous system carries impulses away from the central nervous system organs?

    <p>Motor (efferent) division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fibers carry information from visceral organs?

    <p>Visceral sensory fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the peripheral nervous system carries information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints?

    <p>Somatic sensory fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sensory input in the nervous system?

    <p>To carry information to the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fibers carry information from visceral organs?

    <p>Visceral sensory fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the peripheral nervous system automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the peripheral nervous system is consciously controlled and responsible for controlling skeletal muscles?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the peripheral nervous system is further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of support cells in the CNS?

    <p>Generating electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the CNS are responsible for support, insulation, and protection of neurons?

    <p>Neuroglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general functions of support cells in the CNS?

    <p>Supporting, insulating, and protecting neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are abundant in the CNS and provide support to neurons?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells form a barrier between capillaries and neurons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Star-shaped cells astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of support cells in the central nervous system?

    <p>all the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do star-shaped cells in the central nervous system do?

    <p>Control the chemical environment of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the central nervous system are responsible for disposing of debris?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microglia in the CNS?

    <p>Disposing of debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glial cells in the CNS have a spiderlike appearance?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Ependymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

    <p>Assisting with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cells are responsible for supporting and protecting neurons in the CNS?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the central nervous system produce myelin sheaths?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of CNS glial cells known as oligodendrocytes?

    <p>To produce myelin sheaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of satellite cells?

    <p>Protect neuron cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of neurons?

    <p>To transmit messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major regions of a neuron?

    <p>Processes and cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is the nucleus and metabolic center of the cell?

    <p>Cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the fibers that extend from the cell body of a neuron called?

    <p>Processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of neurons?

    <p>To transmit messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in neurons?

    <p>Nissl bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neurofibrils in neurons?

    <p>Maintaining cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the nucleus located in a neuron?

    <p>In the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron conducts impulses toward the cell body?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many axons do neurons have?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of axons in neurons?

    <p>Conduct impulses away from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where does the axon of a neuron arise?

    <p>The axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many axons do neurons have?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron contains vesicles with neurotransmitters?

    <p>Axon terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gap between adjacent neurons called?

    <p>Synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the junction between nerves called?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is responsible for conducting impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axon terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gap between adjacent neurons called?

    <p>Synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the synapse occur?

    <p>At the axon terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals to the next neuron?

    <p>Axon terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gap between adjacent neurons called?

    <p>Synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the junction between nerves called?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myelin sheaths in nerve impulse transmission?

    <p>To increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon called?

    <p>Nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon called?

    <p>Nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for speeding up nerve impulse transmission?

    <p>Myelin sheaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of speeding up nerve impulse transmission?

    <p>Saltatory Conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myelin sheaths in nerve impulse transmission?

    <p>To speed up nerve impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most neuron cell bodies found?

    <p>In the gray matter of the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nuclei in the central nervous system?

    <p>Clusters of cell bodies within the white matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ganglia located?

    <p>In the peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cutaneous sense organs detect?

    <p>Stretch or tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do proprioceptors detect?

    <p>Stretch or tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system contains mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies?

    <p>Gray matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bundles of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system called?

    <p>Nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are collections of myelinated fibers in the central nervous system called?

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to viscera, muscles, or glands?

    <p>Motor (efferent) neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are interneurons found in the nervous system?

    <p>Found in neural pathways in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interneurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Connect sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons have many extensions from the cell body?

    <p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurons are the most common in terms of structure?

    <p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural classification of neurons based on?

    <p>Number of processes extending from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons are rare in adults?

    <p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are bipolar neurons primarily located?

    <p>Special sense organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of neurons in terms of structure?

    <p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons have a short single process leaving the cell body?

    <p>Unipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction do unipolar neurons conduct impulses?

    <p>Both toward and away from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors are responsible for sensing pain and temperature?

    <p>Free nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors are responsible for sensing touch?

    <p>Meissner’s corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors are responsible for sensing deep pressure?

    <p>Lamellar corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of neurons allows them to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a nerve impulse?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of neurons to transmit the impulse to other neurons, muscles, or glands called?

    <p>Conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two functional properties of neurons?

    <p>Irritability and Conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is the major positive ion inside the cell?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of the plasma membrane in a resting neuron?

    <p>Polarized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main positive ion outside the cell?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is the major positive ion outside the cell?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main positive ion inside the cell?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the resting state of a neuron, where the inside is more negative than the outside?

    <p>Polarized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?

    <p>The inside is more negative than the outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that keeps a neuron at rest?

    <p>Negative ions inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions are present in fewer numbers inside the cell compared to outside the cell?

    <p>Positive ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion flows inside the neuron's membrane when it is depolarized?

    <p>Sodium (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a stimulus depolarizes a neuron's membrane?

    <p>The membrane becomes permeable to sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial effect of sodium channels opening in a neuron's membrane?

    <p>The membrane becomes permeable to sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of potential exists where the inside of the membrane is more positive and the outside is less positive?

    <p>Graded potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates an action potential in a neuron?

    <p>Ion movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates the neuron to conduct an action potential?

    <p>Sodium influx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of potential exists where the inside of the neuron's membrane is more positive and the outside is less positive?

    <p>Graded potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates an action potential in a neuron?

    <p>A stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates the neuron to conduct an action potential?

    <p>Strong enough stimulus and sodium influx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the propagation of nerve impulses?

    <p>If enough sodium enters the cell, the action potential starts and is propagated over the entire axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'all-or-none response' mean in relation to nerve impulses?

    <p>The nerve impulse either is propagated or is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers conduct nerve impulses more quickly?

    <p>Fibers with myelin sheaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the propagation of the action potential?

    <p>The action potential is always propagated over the entire axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'all-or-none response' mean in relation to nerve impulses?

    <p>Nerve impulses either are propagated or are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers conduct nerve impulses more quickly?

    <p>Fibers with myelin sheaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During repolarization, what happens to the membrane of a neuron?

    <p>The inside of the membrane becomes negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of potassium ions during repolarization?

    <p>They rush out of the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't a neuron conduct another nerve impulse until repolarization is complete?

    <p>The membrane becomes too negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During repolarization, what happens to the inside of the neuron's membrane?

    <p>It becomes negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to potassium ions during repolarization?

    <p>They rush out of the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of incomplete repolarization on the neuron?

    <p>It cannot conduct another nerve impulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During repolarization, what happens to the membrane of a neuron?

    <p>The membrane returns to its original configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of potassium ions during repolarization?

    <p>Potassium ions are returned to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump in repolarization?

    <p>To restore the original configuration of the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which channels open when the action potential reaches the axon terminal?

    <p>Calcium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the electrical charge opens calcium channels at the axon terminal?

    <p>The neurotransmitter is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of calcium channels in the transmission of a signal at synapses?

    <p>To release the neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is responsible for causing the fusion of vesicles containing neurotransmitter chemicals with the axonal membrane?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of calcium channels in the transmission of a signal at synapses?

    <p>To release calcium ions into the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the vesicles containing neurotransmitter chemicals fuse with the axonal membrane?

    <p>The neurotransmitter chemicals are released into the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of potential is generated if enough neurotransmitter is released at the synapse?

    <p>Graded potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two methods by which neurotransmitter is removed from the synapse?

    <p>Reuptake and enzymatic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission occurs between neurons at the synapse?

    <p>Chemical transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of potential is generated if enough neurotransmitter is released at the synapse?

    <p>Graded potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the neurotransmitter molecules after they bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron?

    <p>They are quickly removed from the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission of an impulse between neurons?

    <p>Electrochemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the electrical transmission of an impulse within a neuron?

    <p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main methods by which neurotransmitter is removed from the synapse?

    <p>Reuptake and enzymatic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of reflexes?

    <p>Slow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reflexes responses to?

    <p>Stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neural pathways that reflexes occur over called?

    <p>Reflex arcs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes reflexes?

    <p>Rapid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neural pathways that reflexes occur over called?

    <p>Reflex arcs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of reflexes?

    <p>Slow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reflexes stimulate the skeletal muscles?

    <p>Somatic reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reflexes regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands?

    <p>Autonomic reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an autonomic reflex?

    <p>Regulation of smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reflexes stimulate the skeletal muscles?

    <p>Somatic reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reflexes regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands?

    <p>Autonomic reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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