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Questions and Answers
Who was named general and commander-in-chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775?
Who was named general and commander-in-chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775?
- Thomas Jefferson
- John Adams
- George Washington (correct)
- Richard Lee
What was the primary purpose of Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence?
What was the primary purpose of Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence?
- To declare war against Britain
- To outline the benefits of monarchy
- To provide a public explanation of colonial grievances (correct)
- To establish a new government structure
What significant date is noted by John Adams as the most memorable epoch in American history?
What significant date is noted by John Adams as the most memorable epoch in American history?
- July 2, 1776 (correct)
- June 15, 1775
- October 17, 1777
- July 4, 1776
Which British general sought to sever New England from the other colonies?
Which British general sought to sever New England from the other colonies?
What was one of the responsibilities Congress had under the Articles of Confederation?
What was one of the responsibilities Congress had under the Articles of Confederation?
What marked the turning point in the Revolutionary War?
What marked the turning point in the Revolutionary War?
Which pamphlet by Thomas Paine significantly influenced colonial sentiment towards independence?
Which pamphlet by Thomas Paine significantly influenced colonial sentiment towards independence?
Who among the following was NOT part of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence?
Who among the following was NOT part of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence?
What was one of the inherent natural rights mentioned in George Mason's Declaration of Rights?
What was one of the inherent natural rights mentioned in George Mason's Declaration of Rights?
What did George Washington state about the impact of Common Sense?
What did George Washington state about the impact of Common Sense?
What was the primary focus of British military efforts after the winter of 1778?
What was the primary focus of British military efforts after the winter of 1778?
What led to the eventual surrender of General Cornwallis at Yorktown?
What led to the eventual surrender of General Cornwallis at Yorktown?
Which event is associated with the official recognition of American independence?
Which event is associated with the official recognition of American independence?
What was the reason for the American Congress's refusal to negotiate with Britain?
What was the reason for the American Congress's refusal to negotiate with Britain?
What was the main misconception about Loyalist strength in the South by the British?
What was the main misconception about Loyalist strength in the South by the British?
Who replaced General Howe as commander of the British forces?
Who replaced General Howe as commander of the British forces?
How did the British forces miscalculate their operations in the Southern colonies?
How did the British forces miscalculate their operations in the Southern colonies?
What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?
What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?
What was one of the terms agreed upon in the Peace of Paris regarding debts?
What was one of the terms agreed upon in the Peace of Paris regarding debts?
How did the British fleet affect General Cornwallis's confidence at Yorktown?
How did the British fleet affect General Cornwallis's confidence at Yorktown?
What was the primary reason for the French and Indian War initiating the Revolutionary Movement?
What was the primary reason for the French and Indian War initiating the Revolutionary Movement?
What was the outcome of the Battle of Fort Necessity?
What was the outcome of the Battle of Fort Necessity?
What consequence did the British government believe the colonies should face after the French and Indian War?
What consequence did the British government believe the colonies should face after the French and Indian War?
What did the Proclamation Act of 1763 do?
What did the Proclamation Act of 1763 do?
Which act led to the phrase 'No Taxation Without Representation'?
Which act led to the phrase 'No Taxation Without Representation'?
What was the primary purpose of the Sons of Liberty?
What was the primary purpose of the Sons of Liberty?
What was a significant consequence of the Boston Massacre?
What was a significant consequence of the Boston Massacre?
What event did the Boston Tea Party symbolize?
What event did the Boston Tea Party symbolize?
What did the First Continental Congress determine about Parliament's authority?
What did the First Continental Congress determine about Parliament's authority?
What sparked the Battles of Lexington and Concord?
What sparked the Battles of Lexington and Concord?
What was one promise made by King George III in response to the colonial unrest?
What was one promise made by King George III in response to the colonial unrest?
What was the significance of the Daughters of Liberty?
What was the significance of the Daughters of Liberty?
What was one of the effects of the Intolerable Acts?
What was one of the effects of the Intolerable Acts?
How did Britain's deep debt influence its policies toward the colonies?
How did Britain's deep debt influence its policies toward the colonies?
Flashcards
French & Indian War
French & Indian War
The French began building forts in the Ohio River Valley, causing tensions with British colonists, leading to the armed conflict known as the French & Indian War.
Fort Duquesne
Fort Duquesne
British troops built a fort at the strategic fork of the Ohio River, but were quickly ousted by the French, who constructed Fort Duquesne in its place.
Battle of Fort Necessity
Battle of Fort Necessity
A 1754 battle where George Washington's inexperienced Virginia troops clashed with a French Regiment, ending in a retreat and a surrender of Fort Necessity.
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Treaty of Paris (1763)
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Pontiac's Rebellion (1763)
Pontiac's Rebellion (1763)
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Proclamation Act of 1763
Proclamation Act of 1763
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Loyalists
Loyalists
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Patriots
Patriots
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Republicanism
Republicanism
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Sugar Act (1764)
Sugar Act (1764)
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Stamp Act (1765)
Stamp Act (1765)
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No Taxation Without Representation
No Taxation Without Representation
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Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty
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Boston Massacre (1770)
Boston Massacre (1770)
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Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party
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Battle of Saratoga
Battle of Saratoga
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Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation
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Common Sense
Common Sense
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Natural Rights
Natural Rights
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Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence
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Who was George Washington?
Who was George Washington?
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Continental Currency
Continental Currency
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British Capture of New York
British Capture of New York
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French Alliance
French Alliance
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Second Continental Congress
Second Continental Congress
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Parliament's Peace Efforts
Parliament's Peace Efforts
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American Congress's Stance
American Congress's Stance
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Change in British Command
Change in British Command
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British Southern Strategy
British Southern Strategy
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Backfire of British Strategy
Backfire of British Strategy
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Importance of Southern Colonies
Importance of Southern Colonies
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Greene's Role in Southern Campaign
Greene's Role in Southern Campaign
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Cornwallis's Move to Virginia
Cornwallis's Move to Virginia
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Cornwallis's Choice of Yorktown
Cornwallis's Choice of Yorktown
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French Naval Victory
French Naval Victory
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Study Notes
The French and Indian War (1754-1783)
- The French and Indian War sparked the Revolutionary Movement.
- French colonists allied with Native Americans.
- They built forts in the Ohio River Valley.
- In 1753, the Virginia governor sent George Washington to warn the French about trespassing.
- Washington's mission failed; the French refused to leave.
- The British built a fort (Pittsburgh), but were forced out and the French built Fort Duquesne.
- Washington, with Virginia troops, encountered French forces in 1754.
- This resulted in the Battle of Fort Necessity, where Washington surrendered.
- The British ultimately won the war.
- The Treaty of Paris removed France from North America.
- Britain accumulated significant war debts, believing the colonies should contribute.
- Native Americans were negatively impacted by the removal of the French, as Britain now focused on them.
Pontiac's Rebellion (1763)
- Native resistance against British expansion along the Appalachian Mountains.
- The Proclamation Act of 1763 was passed to prevent further attacks.
- It restricted colonial settlements west of the Appalachians.
- Colonists were upset and ignored the Proclamation Line, considering the land rightfully theirs.
Prelude to Revolution: Three Camps
- Colonists divided into Loyalists (loyal to Britain), Patriots (seeking independence), and Neutrals.
- Republicanism, emphasizing voting rights, gained popularity, influencing figures like Jefferson, Adams, and Franklin.
- Britain imposed taxes to recover war costs (Sugar Act, Stamp Act).
- Colonial resistance grew, rallying under the slogan "No Taxation Without Representation".
- Britain argued "Virtual Representation".
- The Declaratory Act affirmed Parliament's authority.
- Following that, the Townsend Acts and Tea Act imposed taxes on various goods including tea, further provoking conflict.
Intolerable Acts
- Response to the Boston Tea Party, these acts included closing Boston Harbor, restricting colonial voting rights, and the Quartering Act (housing British soldiers).
Sons & Daughters of Liberty
- The Sons of Liberty formed a secret organization to fight British policies.
- The Sons of Liberty played a key role in unified resistance.
- Daughters of Liberty also organized protests and boycotts, making their own clothes to oppose British goods.
Boston Massacre
- On March 5, 1770, British soldiers fired on a crowd protesting, killing five colonists.
- This event further fueled colonial resentment.
- Crispus Attucks was amongst the victims of the Boston Massacre.
Boston Tea Party (1773)
- Colonists dressed as Natives and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor.
- Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and implementing restrictive measures.
First Continental Congress (1774)
- Delegates from all colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia to address grievances.
- They claimed equal rights for Americans as English citizens.
- Militias, known as minutemen, were established.
- A full separation from Britain wasn't seriously debated, and another meeting was scheduled.
Lexington and Concord (1775)
- The Battles of Lexington and Concord marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
- British troops were partially successful at Lexington, but faced greater Patriot resistance at Concord.
- The British suffered significant casualties, whereas Patriot casualties were also significant although smaller.
- The British declared freedom to slaves who fought for them.
Second Continental Congress (1775)
- The Second Continental Congress assumed a revolutionary government role.
- George Washington was named commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
- Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" influenced the move towards declaring independence.
Declaration of Independence (1776)
- On July 4, 1776, Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson.
- It outlined American grievances against Britain.
- It established important founding principles that are now recognized as fundamental American ideals.
Articles of Confederation
- The Articles of Confederation established the first US government.
- It granted limited power to Congress, primarily concerning foreign affairs, and western territories.
- It lacked effective enforcement mechanisms.
War for Independence
- British forces focused on New York, Philadelphia, and the South.
- The American victory at Saratoga (1777) was a turning point, leading to French support.
- French and American forces joined efforts in their fight against the British
- The British lost control of Chesapeake waters to the French Navy.
- The final conflict took place at Yorktown, VA, where Cornwallis surrendered in 1781.
Treaty of Paris (1783)
- Britain recognized American independence.
- The Western border was left ambiguous, but roughly along the Mississippi River.
- The US agreed to repay British debts and restore Loyalist property.
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