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Questions and Answers
Who were the two soldiers that returned from Spain to aid in the War of Independence?
Who were the two soldiers that returned from Spain to aid in the War of Independence?
The Second Triumvirate was aligned with the interests of the Morenista group.
The Second Triumvirate was aligned with the interests of the Morenista group.
False
What was the purpose of the open town council in colonial times?
What was the purpose of the open town council in colonial times?
To discuss urgent issues or important matters with neighbors.
The political pressure group that emerged from the revolution is known as a _____?
The political pressure group that emerged from the revolution is known as a _____?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Who was the president of the First Junta?
Who was the president of the First Junta?
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Mariano Moreno was in favor of a moderate approach towards Spain.
Mariano Moreno was in favor of a moderate approach towards Spain.
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What event in 1811 indicated the loss of Upper Peru for the Patriots?
What event in 1811 indicated the loss of Upper Peru for the Patriots?
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The _______ led by Juan José Castelli failed to gain support from powerful groups in Upper Peru.
The _______ led by Juan José Castelli failed to gain support from powerful groups in Upper Peru.
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Match the following members with their roles in the First Junta:
Match the following members with their roles in the First Junta:
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What caused the internal divisions within the First Junta?
What caused the internal divisions within the First Junta?
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The members of the First Junta included the Bishop of Córdoba.
The members of the First Junta included the Bishop of Córdoba.
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What was the outcome for Mariano Moreno after Saavedra's victory in 1811?
What was the outcome for Mariano Moreno after Saavedra's victory in 1811?
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Who replaced Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros on May 25, 1810?
Who replaced Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros on May 25, 1810?
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The First Junta was initially popular and widely accepted by all residents of Buenos Aires.
The First Junta was initially popular and widely accepted by all residents of Buenos Aires.
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What central issue was pivotal during the war from 1810 to 1820?
What central issue was pivotal during the war from 1810 to 1820?
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The junta governed in the name of ______, King of Spain.
The junta governed in the name of ______, King of Spain.
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What event marked the beginning of the first period from the revolution of 1810 to 1814?
What event marked the beginning of the first period from the revolution of 1810 to 1814?
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Match the following members of the First Junta with their roles:
Match the following members of the First Junta with their roles:
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Between 1810 and 1820, the new government faced challenges and sent ______ expeditions to confirm its authority.
Between 1810 and 1820, the new government faced challenges and sent ______ expeditions to confirm its authority.
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The changes in government between 1810 and 1814 were largely driven by violence and external wars.
The changes in government between 1810 and 1814 were largely driven by violence and external wars.
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Study Notes
The First Decade of Revolution (1810-1814)
- The May Revolution (May 25, 1810) replaced the viceroy with a governing junta (First Junta), following established procedures in the name of the Spanish king.
- This power transfer lacked widespread acceptance. The decision was made by a small group of Buenos Aires residents in an open cabildo.
- The revolution was accompanied by war, lasting nearly 50 years, becoming the defining aspect of life in the Río de la Plata region.
- The period between 1810 and 1820 focused intensely on gaining independence from Spain.
First Junta's Composition and Challenges
- The First Junta was a mix of military and political leaders, including Cornelio Saavedra (president of the junta, military leader of the Patricios regiment), Mariano Moreno (secretary, radical politician), Manuel Belgrano, and Juan José Castelli (representatives).
- Disagreements amongst junta members reflected differing power groups, resulting in shifting governance.
- The Junta faced the significant task of establishing its authority outside of Buenos Aires. It sent expeditions to other areas for recognition and support, with varying degrees of success.
- Expeditions to Paraguay and across the Río de la Plata region faced setbacks, like Belgrano's defeat in Paraguay and the suppression of a conspiracy led by the former viceroy, Santiago de Liniers, in Córdoba.
- Issues in Upper Peru (Alto Perú): Castelli’s efforts to gain support from indigenous populations (majority in the area) alarmed the Spanish loyalists and prompted organized opposition.
- Efforts to gain recognition in Uruguay (Banda Oriental) failed due to Montevideo’s strong resistance.
Political Shifts and Conflict (1810-1814)
- The period from 1810 to 1814 involved two distinct periods: the continuation of the Junta era and the shift towards 1814, following Napoleon’s defeat and the restoration of Fernando VII as the king of Spain.
- The restoration of the Spanish king fueled renewed efforts to regain the colonies, prompting a two-pronged response by revolutionary rioplatenses: a stronger military approach and more conservative policies.
- Internal divisions in the Junta highlighted conflicts between moderate (Saavedra) and radical (Moreno) factions.
- Saavedra's moderate faction gained support within the army and urban populations, while Moreno led the more radical faction advocating for immediate separation from Spain.
- The "Junta Grande" (Large Junta) emerged after incorporating interior representatives but lasted less than a year, giving way to a power shift.
Key Figures and Groups
- Cornelio Saavedra: President of the First Governing Junta, representing the moderate faction.
- Mariano Moreno: Secretary of the First Governing Junta, representing a more radical faction.
- Manuel Belgrano: Figure in the Junta, with military and political roles.
- Juan José Castelli: Figure in the Junta, with military and political roles.
- José de San Martín and Carlos María de Alvear: Military leaders who later advocated for a reformed army and independence from Spain.
- Logia Lautaro: Secret organization advocating for colonial independence.
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Description
Explore the significant events of the early revolutionary period in the Río de la Plata, from the May Revolution to the complexities of the First Junta. Understand the power dynamics and challenges faced by key leaders like Cornelio Saavedra and Mariano Moreno. This quiz covers the struggle for independence from Spain during these transformative years.
