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Questions and Answers
In which year was the first permanent English settlement in North America established?
In which year was the first permanent English settlement in North America established?
Where did the Pilgrims land to establish the first permanent English settlement in New England?
Where did the Pilgrims land to establish the first permanent English settlement in New England?
Which colony was based on the principle of religious toleration?
Which colony was based on the principle of religious toleration?
Who formed the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1628?
Who formed the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1628?
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Which colony was a haven for Roman Catholics?
Which colony was a haven for Roman Catholics?
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Which colony was seized from the Netherlands and renamed New York in 1664?
Which colony was seized from the Netherlands and renamed New York in 1664?
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What event led to the intensification of friction between the English colonies and New France in the 1690s?
What event led to the intensification of friction between the English colonies and New France in the 1690s?
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What was the significance of the Peace of Utrecht (1713) in relation to British territorial possessions?
What was the significance of the Peace of Utrecht (1713) in relation to British territorial possessions?
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What was the result of England's conquest of Jamaica in 1655?
What was the result of England's conquest of Jamaica in 1655?
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Which event marked the beginning of the transformation of the West Indies into a plantation economy based on slavery?
Which event marked the beginning of the transformation of the West Indies into a plantation economy based on slavery?
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What led to the establishment of the Royal Africa Company in 1672?
What led to the establishment of the Royal Africa Company in 1672?
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What was the major labor force required for sugar production in the West Indies?
What was the major labor force required for sugar production in the West Indies?
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What did the Treaty of Madrid in 1670 acknowledge?
What did the Treaty of Madrid in 1670 acknowledge?
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What event gave Britain a territorial presence in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time?
What event gave Britain a territorial presence in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time?
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"In which conflict were Spanish islands of Gibraltar and Minorca seized by British forces?"
"In which conflict were Spanish islands of Gibraltar and Minorca seized by British forces?"
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What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
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When did the Pilgrims establish Plymouth Colony in New England?
When did the Pilgrims establish Plymouth Colony in New England?
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Which colony was based on the principle of religious toleration?
Which colony was based on the principle of religious toleration?
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In which year was New Amsterdam seized from the Netherlands and renamed New York?
In which year was New Amsterdam seized from the Netherlands and renamed New York?
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Under whose royal grant was the colony of Pennsylvania formed?
Under whose royal grant was the colony of Pennsylvania formed?
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Which colony was a haven for Roman Catholics?
Which colony was a haven for Roman Catholics?
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What was the primary reason for the transformation of the West Indies into a plantation economy based on slavery?
What was the primary reason for the transformation of the West Indies into a plantation economy based on slavery?
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Which conflict led to the capture of French American possessions of Acadia and Newfoundland by British forces?
Which conflict led to the capture of French American possessions of Acadia and Newfoundland by British forces?
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What did the Peace of Utrecht (1713) officially cede to the British as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession?
What did the Peace of Utrecht (1713) officially cede to the British as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession?
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What was the significance of the establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company near Hudson Bay?
What was the significance of the establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company near Hudson Bay?
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Which event led to Spain finally acknowledging English possessions in the Caribbean through the Treaty of Madrid in 1670?
Which event led to Spain finally acknowledging English possessions in the Caribbean through the Treaty of Madrid in 1670?
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What was the outcome of England's conquest of Jamaica in 1655?
What was the outcome of England's conquest of Jamaica in 1655?
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What did the Peace of Utrecht (1713) extend to Britain as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession?
What did the Peace of Utrecht (1713) extend to Britain as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession?
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What was the consequence of Spain losing Gibraltar and Minorca to Britain during the War of the Spanish Succession?
What was the consequence of Spain losing Gibraltar and Minorca to Britain during the War of the Spanish Succession?
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What impact did the establishment of Royal Africa Company have on labor in English islands?
What impact did the establishment of Royal Africa Company have on labor in English islands?
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What was the initial labor force for English plantations in the West Indies before the introduction of sugar production?
What was the initial labor force for English plantations in the West Indies before the introduction of sugar production?
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Study Notes
Early English Settlements
- 1607: Jamestown, Virginia, was established as the first permanent English settlement in North America.
- The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620 and established Plymouth Colony.
- The colony of Rhode Island, founded in 1636, was based on the principle of religious toleration.
- The Massachusetts Bay Company was formed in 1628.
- Maryland, founded in 1632, was a haven for Roman Catholics.
- 1664: New Amsterdam, a Dutch settlement, was seized and renamed New York.
Colonial Expansion and Conflicts
- The intensification of friction between English colonies and New France in the 1690s was due to fur trade competition.
- The Peace of Utrecht (1713) significantly increased British territorial possessions, including Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Hudson Bay.
- In 1655, England conquered Jamaica, which resulted in the island becoming a major sugar producer.
- The transformation of the West Indies into a plantation economy based on slavery was primarily driven by the demand for sugar.
- The Royal Africa Company was established in 1672 to provide a reliable supply of enslaved Africans to the West Indies.
- Africans were the major source of labor for sugar production in the West Indies.
- The Treaty of Madrid (1670) acknowledged English possessions in the Caribbean.
- Britain gained a territorial presence in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time by capturing Gibraltar and Minorca from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession.
Continued Expansion and Conflicts
- The colony of Pennsylvania was formed under a royal grant to William Penn in 1681.
- The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) led to British capture of the French American possessions of Acadia and Newfoundland.
- The Peace of Utrecht (1713) officially ceded these territories to Britain.
- The establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company near Hudson Bay in 1670 paved the way for British control of the fur trade in the region.
- The Treaty of Madrid (1670) marked Spain's final acknowledgement of English possessions in the Caribbean.
- England's conquest of Jamaica in 1655 transformed the island into a major sugar producer and a center of the slave trade.
- As a result of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), Britain gained control of Gibraltar and Minorca, which significantly strengthened its naval presence in the Mediterranean.
- The Royal Africa Company (established in 1672) played a crucial role in supplying enslaved Africans to the English islands, contributing to the growth of the plantation system.
- Before the introduction of sugar, indentured servants were the initial labor force for English plantations in the West Indies.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the first British Empire's settlements in North America. Learn about the founding of Jamestown, Plymouth Colony, and other significant events in early colonial history.
