54 Questions
What determines the access of ambiguous words while reading a sentence?
The word's dominance and the context created by the sentence
What is the effect of the meaning of a word on the N4000 wave of the ERP?
It becomes larger when the meaning of the word does not fit the rest of the sentence
What is the P6000 wave of the ERP affected by?
The syntax of the sentence
What does the syntax-first approach to parsing emphasize?
The importance of syntax
What influences the way we interpret the relationships between words in sentences?
Our knowledge of spies and birds
What type of inference is made when inferring from what we know about the time Shakespeare lived that he was probably using a quill pen and his desk was made of wood?
Instrument inference
What is the key aspect of producing language in conversations related to syntactic coordination?
The coordination of sentence structure
What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis relate to?
The influence of language on culture and cognition
What does the N4000 wave of the ERP indicate when it becomes larger?
The meaning of the word does not fit the rest of the sentence
What is the focus of the interactionist approach to parsing?
Anticipation of upcoming words
What does the P6000 wave of the ERP become larger in response to?
The grammar of the sentence
What is the basis of making predictions in understanding text and stories?
The influence of world knowledge
What brain areas are involved in different aspects of language?
Frontal and temporal lobes
In Cognitive Psychology, what physical and mental processes occur as a person creates speech?
Physical processes of speech production and mental processes of language processing
What does the word superiority effect refer to?
The phenomenon where letters are easier to identify in a word than in a non-word
What is the problem of perceiving words related to?
Perceiving individual words in sentences
What is affected by word frequency and the existence of words with multiple meanings?
Our ability to access meaning
What does the word 'duck' exemplify in the context of language processing?
Ambiguity of words with multiple meanings
What is involved in studying language in Cognitive Psychology?
How people process language sounds and understand words
What does the word frequency effect refer to?
The influence of word usage on meaning access
What is the focus of studying language in Cognitive Psychology?
Cognitive and behavioral approach to language processing
What is the universal need addressed in the study of language?
The need for effective communication
What is involved in the physical processes of speech production?
Creating speech
What is the role of the frontal and temporal lobes in language processing?
Involved in different aspects of language
What did the study find about the attractiveness of average male and female faces?
The average male face was more attractive than any one individual male face
What is the main reason behind humans' preference for average faces?
Average faces are correlated with symmetry and expression
What is a key factor in the development of interpersonal attraction according to the text?
Physical health and body symmetry
What do people guess about a prospective mate's genes according to the text?
Physical health and body symmetry are indicative of good genes
What is the relationship between attractiveness and how it is perceived across different groups?
Attractiveness is similarly perceived across different groups
What does the study suggest about the impact of attractiveness on people's lives?
Attractive people do better in life
What is the market-value hypothesis related to in the context of attractiveness?
Prestige
What is the main cue people use to guess a prospective mate's good genes?
Physical health
What does the text suggest about the relationship between average-ness and symmetry in attractiveness?
The effect of average-ness remained significant when the effects of symmetry and expression were partialled out
What is the main factor related to the development of interpersonal attraction according to the text?
Physical health and body symmetry
What does the mere exposure effect state?
Repeated exposure increases attraction
What does the less is more effect suggest?
Uncovering dissimilarities can decrease attraction over time
What does the matching principle in romantic relationships emphasize?
Choosing similar others
What does the halo effect lead to?
Biased judgments based on physical attractiveness
What do belief validation and consensus validation reinforce in relationships?
Smooth interactions and liking
What is the significance of attractiveness in evaluations of competence and behavior towards others?
It has a significant impact
What did the Carl Word procedure demonstrate?
Interviewers treated applicants differently based on race and interview style
What is immediacy, particularly physical attractiveness, a significant factor in?
The initial perception of attractiveness
What role do social and cultural norms play in judgments of beauty and attractiveness?
Influencing judgments of beauty and attractiveness
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy evident in?
People's judgments and treatment of others based on attractiveness
According to the reinforcement-affect model, why do we like people around when we experience positive feelings?
Positive feelings themselves act as reinforcement
In the context of social exchange theory, what do people often consider when making decisions?
Cost and rewards
What is the basis of communal sharing relationships?
Resources generated by capable individuals and distributed based on need
What is the key principle of authority ranking relationships?
Hierarchy and status
What is the focus of equality matching relationships?
Equality, reciprocity, and balance
In the context of market pricing relationships, what are people concerned with?
Ensuring that their inputs correspond to what they get out of the relationship
What is the primary factor in attraction toward a person according to the 'law of attractions' mentioned?
Proportion of similar attitude shared with that person
What do people do that acts as reinforcers for others?
Agree with their perception of things
What is the primary concept in the reinforcement-affect model?
Positive feelings as reinforcement
In the context of social exchange theory, what are people concerned with ensuring?
Their inputs to a relationship correspond to what they get out of it
Study Notes
The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships
- Proximity, such as living in the same building or on the same floor, plays a significant role in forming friendships
- Familiarity with a person or stimulus leads to increased comfort and liking
- The mere exposure effect states that repeated exposure to something increases attraction
- The less is more effect suggests that uncovering dissimilarities can decrease attraction over time
- The matching principle in romantic relationships emphasizes choosing similar others
- Belief validation and consensus validation reinforce smooth interactions and liking
- The halo effect leads to biased judgments based on physical attractiveness
- Social and cultural norms influence judgments of beauty and attractiveness
- The self-fulfilling prophecy is evident in people's judgments and treatment of others based on attractiveness
- Attractiveness has a significant impact on evaluations of competence and behavior towards others
- The Carl Word procedure demonstrated how interviewers treated applicants differently based on race and style of interview
- Immediacy, particularly physical attractiveness, is a significant factor in the initial perception of attractiveness
Test your knowledge of language and its unique properties with this quiz. Explore the creativity and evolution of human language, the universal need for communication, and the brain areas involved in language processing. Delve into cognitive and behavioral approaches to studying language in this insightful quiz.
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