Diversity of Archaea (Lec 15)
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Questions and Answers

Which domain is the only one that can perform methanogenesis?

  • Bacteria
  • Eukarya
  • Archaea (correct)
  • None of the above

    • Which major group of Archaea includes extremely halophilic organisms?

  • Euryarchaeota (correct)
  • Korarchaeota
  • Crenarchaeota
  • Thaumarchaeota

    • Which major group of Archaea is known for inhabiting extreme heat or cold environments?

  • Thaumarchaeota
  • Crenarchaeota (correct)
  • Euryarchaeota
  • Korarchaeota

    • What is the common characteristic of all Archaea?

    <p>Ether-linked lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for the survival of haloarchaea?

    <p>High salt concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which major group of Archaea are thermoplasmatales found?

    <p>Euryarchaeota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the major group of Archaea that includes methanogens?

    <p>Euryarchaeota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary habitat of haloarchaea?

    <p>Hypersaline environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about Desulfurococcus?

    <p>They are found in submarine volcanic habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimum growth temperature for Pyrolobus fumarii?

    <p>100°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about Ignicoccus?

    <p>Its metabolism is H2/S0 based</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer membrane of Ignicoccus similar to?

    <p>Gram-negative Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper temperature limit for survival without growth for microbial life?

    <p>140-150°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lipids are utilized as a molecular adaptation fro life at high temperatures?

    <p>Dibiphytanyl tetraether type lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major chaperonin protein complex in Pyrodictium?

    <p>Thermosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What introduces positive supercoils into DNA and stabilizes DNA ONLY in hyperthermophiles?

    <p>Reverse DNA gyrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins refold partially denatured proteins?

    <p>Chaperones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about Taq polymerase?

    <p>It is utilized in PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Archaea is known for its ability to produce methane?

    <p>Methanogenic Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environment is most likely to harbor extremely halophilic Archaea?

    <p>Salt lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Archaea lacks cell walls and resembles mycoplasmas in appearance?

    <p>Thermoplasmatales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Archaea (Euryarchaeota) is known for its thermophilic and acidophilic characteristics?

    <p>Thermoplasmatales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Archaea is commonly found in Submarine or Terrestrial volcanic habitats?

    <p>Crenarchaeota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Archaea is known for its ability to oxidize reduced sulfur or iron in acidic hot springs?

    <p>Sulfolobales (Crenarchaeota)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environment is most likely to harbor the most thermophilic Archaea?

    <p>Two of the above (a and B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Archaea is known for its hyperthermophilic characteristics and is found in extreme heat and cold environments?

    <p>Crenarchaeota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What microorganism has the highest temperature resistance?

    <p>Methanopyrus kandleri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As studies continue to search for life in high-heat environments, it seems plausible there is no upper limit for microbial life.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits are NOT characteristic of the genus Ignicoccus?

    <p>Absence of a periplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics improve a protein's ability to resist denaturation where exposed to high temperatures?

    <p>increased hydrophobicity of the core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes if found ONLY in hyperthermophiles?

    <p>Revers DNA gyrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    BOTH Ferroplasma and Thermoplasma are similar to the mycoplasmas in that they ALL...

    <p>lack cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Methanogenesis and Archaea

    • Only the domain Archaea can perform methanogenesis.
    • The major group of Archaea that includes extremely halophilic organisms is Halobacteriales.
    • The major group of Archaea that inhabits extreme heat or cold environments is Thermococci.
    • The common characteristic of all Archaea is the presence of ether lipids in their membranes.

    Haloarchaea

    • Haloarchaea require high salt concentrations for survival.
    • The primary habitat of haloarchaea is salt lakes and salt mines.

    Thermophilic Archaea

    • Thermoplasmatales are found in the major group of Archaea called Thermococci.
    • Methanogens are found in the major group of Archaea called Euryarchaeota.
    • Desulfurococcus is a type of thermophilic archaeon that can grow in temperatures above 90°C.

    Pyrolobus fumarii

    • The optimum growth temperature for Pyrolobus fumarii is around 100°C.

    Ignicoccus

    • Ignicoccus is a type of archaeon that lacks a cell wall.
    • The outer membrane of Ignicoccus is similar to that of Gram-negative bacteria.
    • Ignicoccus is not able to perform methanogenesis.

    Hyperthermophiles

    • The upper temperature limit for survival without growth for microbial life is around 122°C.
    • Hyperthermophiles use ether lipids as a molecular adaptation for life at high temperatures.
    • The major chaperonin protein complex in Pyrodictium is the thermosome.
    • Reverse gyrase is an enzyme that introduces positive supercoils into DNA and stabilizes DNA only in hyperthermophiles.
    • Chaperone proteins refold partially denatured proteins in hyperthermophiles.

    Taq Polymerase

    • Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase from the thermophilic archaeon Thermus aquaticus.

    Archaeal Groups

    • Euryarchaeota is the group of Archaea that includes methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles.
    • Thermococci is the group of Archaea that is known for its thermophilic and acidophilic characteristics.
    • Pyrodictia is the group of Archaea that is commonly found in submarine or terrestrial volcanic habitats.
    • Sulfolobus is the group of Archaea that is known for its ability to oxidize reduced sulfur or iron in acidic hot springs.

    High-Temperature Environments

    • The environment most likely to harbor extremely halophilic Archaea is salt lakes and salt mines.
    • The environment most likely to harbor the most thermophilic Archaea is deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

    Microorganisms

    • Pyrolobus fumarii has the highest temperature resistance among all microorganisms.
    • There is no upper limit for microbial life, and it is plausible that microorganisms can survive in extremely high-temperature environments.

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    Test your knowledge on the diversity of Archaea with this quiz. Learn about their ancient origins and their ability to thrive in extreme conditions.

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