Diversity of Archaea (Lec 15)

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Questions and Answers

Which domain is the only one that can perform methanogenesis?

Bacteria

Eukarya

Archaea (correct)

None of the above

Which major group of Archaea includes extremely halophilic organisms?

Euryarchaeota (correct)

Korarchaeota

Crenarchaeota

Thaumarchaeota

Which major group of Archaea is known for inhabiting extreme heat or cold environments?

Thaumarchaeota

Crenarchaeota (correct)

Euryarchaeota

Korarchaeota

What is the common characteristic of all Archaea?

Ether-linked lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for the survival of haloarchaea?

High salt concentrations Signup and view all the answers

In which major group of Archaea are thermoplasmatales found?

Euryarchaeota Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the major group of Archaea that includes methanogens?

Euryarchaeota Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary habitat of haloarchaea?

Hypersaline environments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Desulfurococcus?

They are found in submarine volcanic habitats Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimum growth temperature for Pyrolobus fumarii?

100°C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Ignicoccus?

Its metabolism is H2/S0 based Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer membrane of Ignicoccus similar to?

Gram-negative Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the upper temperature limit for survival without growth for microbial life?

140-150°C Signup and view all the answers

What type of lipids are utilized as a molecular adaptation fro life at high temperatures?

Dibiphytanyl tetraether type lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the major chaperonin protein complex in Pyrodictium?

Thermosome Signup and view all the answers

What introduces positive supercoils into DNA and stabilizes DNA ONLY in hyperthermophiles?

Reverse DNA gyrase Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins refold partially denatured proteins?

Chaperones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Taq polymerase?

It is utilized in PCR Signup and view all the answers

Which group of Archaea is known for its ability to produce methane?

Methanogenic Archaea Signup and view all the answers

Which environment is most likely to harbor extremely halophilic Archaea?

Salt lakes Signup and view all the answers

Which group of Archaea lacks cell walls and resembles mycoplasmas in appearance?

Thermoplasmatales Signup and view all the answers

Which group of Archaea (Euryarchaeota) is known for its thermophilic and acidophilic characteristics?

Thermoplasmatales Signup and view all the answers

Which group of Archaea is commonly found in Submarine or Terrestrial volcanic habitats?

Crenarchaeota Signup and view all the answers

Which group of Archaea is known for its ability to oxidize reduced sulfur or iron in acidic hot springs?

Sulfolobales (Crenarchaeota) Signup and view all the answers

Which environment is most likely to harbor the most thermophilic Archaea?

Two of the above (a and B) Signup and view all the answers

Which group of Archaea is known for its hyperthermophilic characteristics and is found in extreme heat and cold environments?

Crenarchaeota Signup and view all the answers

What microorganism has the highest temperature resistance?

Methanopyrus kandleri Signup and view all the answers

As studies continue to search for life in high-heat environments, it seems plausible there is no upper limit for microbial life.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits are NOT characteristic of the genus Ignicoccus?

Absence of a periplasma Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics improve a protein's ability to resist denaturation where exposed to high temperatures?

increased hydrophobicity of the core Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes if found ONLY in hyperthermophiles?

Revers DNA gyrase Signup and view all the answers

BOTH Ferroplasma and Thermoplasma are similar to the mycoplasmas in that they ALL...

lack cell walls Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Methanogenesis and Archaea

Only the domain Archaea can perform methanogenesis.
The major group of Archaea that includes extremely halophilic organisms is Halobacteriales.
The major group of Archaea that inhabits extreme heat or cold environments is Thermococci.
The common characteristic of all Archaea is the presence of ether lipids in their membranes.

Haloarchaea

Haloarchaea require high salt concentrations for survival.
The primary habitat of haloarchaea is salt lakes and salt mines.

Thermophilic Archaea

Thermoplasmatales are found in the major group of Archaea called Thermococci.
Methanogens are found in the major group of Archaea called Euryarchaeota.
Desulfurococcus is a type of thermophilic archaeon that can grow in temperatures above 90°C.

Pyrolobus fumarii

The optimum growth temperature for Pyrolobus fumarii is around 100°C.

Ignicoccus

Ignicoccus is a type of archaeon that lacks a cell wall.
The outer membrane of Ignicoccus is similar to that of Gram-negative bacteria.
Ignicoccus is not able to perform methanogenesis.

Hyperthermophiles

The upper temperature limit for survival without growth for microbial life is around 122°C.
Hyperthermophiles use ether lipids as a molecular adaptation for life at high temperatures.
The major chaperonin protein complex in Pyrodictium is the thermosome.
Reverse gyrase is an enzyme that introduces positive supercoils into DNA and stabilizes DNA only in hyperthermophiles.
Chaperone proteins refold partially denatured proteins in hyperthermophiles.

Taq Polymerase

Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase from the thermophilic archaeon Thermus aquaticus.

Archaeal Groups

Euryarchaeota is the group of Archaea that includes methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles.
Thermococci is the group of Archaea that is known for its thermophilic and acidophilic characteristics.
Pyrodictia is the group of Archaea that is commonly found in submarine or terrestrial volcanic habitats.
Sulfolobus is the group of Archaea that is known for its ability to oxidize reduced sulfur or iron in acidic hot springs.

High-Temperature Environments

The environment most likely to harbor extremely halophilic Archaea is salt lakes and salt mines.
The environment most likely to harbor the most thermophilic Archaea is deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

Microorganisms

Pyrolobus fumarii has the highest temperature resistance among all microorganisms.
There is no upper limit for microbial life, and it is plausible that microorganisms can survive in extremely high-temperature environments.

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Test your knowledge on the diversity of Archaea with this quiz. Learn about their ancient origins and their ability to thrive in extreme conditions.