30 Questions
Which type of memory holds information for seconds or fraction of seconds?
Sensory memory
According to Sperling's study, what was the average number of letters that participants could report using the whole report method?
4.5 out of 12 letters
What is the duration of short-term memory?
Seconds
In the experiment mentioned, what did participants have to do with the number they heard?
Repeat it and begin counting backward
Which model of memory was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin?
Modal model of memory
What is the capacity of sensory memory according to Sperling's study?
All or most of the information
What is the purpose of control processes in the Modal Model of Memory?
To rehearse and manipulate information
Working memory includes how many components?
3
What is proactive interference?
When information learned previously interferes with learning new information
What is retroactive interference?
When new learning interferes with remembering old learning
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
7 plus or minus 2 items
What is chunking?
The process of dealing with a large amount of information by grouping it into meaningful units
What is the main function of the central executive in working memory?
Coordinating activity between different components of working memory
What is the phonological similarity effect?
Confusion of letters or words that sound similar
Which letter(s) does the target letter 'F' sound like?
Both S and X
Which word length is more difficult to remember in the phonological loop?
Long words
What happens when the articulatory rehearsal process is disrupted?
Memory is reduced
Which component of working memory is responsible for mental rotation?
Visuospatial sketchpad
What effect does chunking have on recalling visual patterns?
Increases the number of squares remembered
Which task interferes with the visual spatial sketchpad?
Both pointing and holding an image of letter F
What is the function of the central executive in working memory?
Coordinates how information is used by the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad
Which part of the brain is responsible for holding information in working memory after the original stimulus is no longer present?
Prefrontal cortex
What happens to a monkey's ability to pick the correct food well if the prefrontal cortex is removed?
It becomes random
During the delay period, what does the neuron in the monkey's brain do?
Fires as a neutral record of the monkey's working memory
When does the neuron respond in the monkey's brain during the task?
Only when the square is flashed
Which brain area is the first to receive visual signals?
Primary visual cortex
Which brain areas transmit visual information from the primary visual cortex?
Temporal and parietal areas
Which of the following brain areas is NOT involved in working memory?
Primary visual cortex
What happens to a monkey's ability to remember the location of the square if the fixated point X is turned off?
It decreases
Which brain areas are associated with working memory in addition to the prefrontal cortex?
Temporal and parietal areas
Test your knowledge on the common errors made with the letters 'S' and 'X' when the sound of the letter 'F' is involved. Explore the phenomenon of F sounding like 'S' and 'X' and how it can lead to mistakes in spelling. Learn about the word length effect and how it impacts our ability to remember longer words. Challenge yourself with questions based on the research by Baddeley, Lewis, and Valour in 1984.
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