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The Evolution of Sexual Conflict
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The Evolution of Sexual Conflict

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Questions and Answers

According to strategic interference theory, sexual conflict arises from:

  • Lack of mutual consent for reproduction
  • Mismatched timing of sexual activities (correct)
  • Diverging evolutionary interests of individuals of the two sexes
  • Inequality in resources between men and women
  • Key predictors of sexual harassment include:

  • Power differentials in the workplace (correct)
  • Genetic interests of individuals
  • Mutual consent for sexual activities
  • Resource inequality between the sexes
  • The adaptation versus by-product theories of rape differ in their emphasis on:

  • Intentionality of the rape act (correct)
  • Genetic interests of individuals
  • Evolutionary causes of resource inequality
  • Mutual consent for sexual activities
  • Women's potential anti-rape defenses include:

    <p>Physiological and behavioral strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supports the hypothesis that women and men differ in the triggers of sexual jealousy?

    <p>Three findings mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intensity of mate-retention tactics is influenced by:

    <p>Contexts mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most poignant form of sexual conflict?

    <p>Mating conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what do negative emotions such as anger and distress serve as?

    <p>Psychological solutions evolved to solve adaptive problems posed by strategic interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does strategic interference theory predict about interactions between the sexes?

    <p>They will be pervaded by blocking strategies and violating the desires of someone else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major form of sexual conflict identified in the text?

    <p>Mate guarding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what do women typically do in short-term mating?

    <p>They typically delay sexual intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of sexual conflict according to the text?

    <p>Evolved differences in sexual strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Brazilian college students perceive more than American college students?

    <p>Sexuality in characters' behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who perceived more sexual intent in characters' actions across both cultures?

    <p>Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where has the male sexual overperception bias been replicated?

    <p>Norway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do women use smiling and flirting for, according to the text?

    <p>To elicit special treatment, without sexual interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a supermarket's 'superior customer service' program lead to?

    <p>Sexual harassment charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are men likely to perceive in women's behavior, according to the text?

    <p>Sexual interest when there isn't any</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'negative' emotions like anger, jealousy, and distress according to the evolutionary perspective?

    <p>They are evolved solutions to strategic interference problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of conflict between men and women according to the text?

    <p>Disagreements about the occurrence and timing of sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of men's sexual misperception bias?

    <p>Men high in self-perceived attractiveness are especially vulnerable to the bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of sexual conflict mentioned in the text?

    <p>Occurs over the timing of sexual intercourse and amount of investment prior to sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a study, what were men more likely to infer from a non-flirtatious interaction between a female student and a male professor?

    <p>Seductive and sexual intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of strategic interference according to the evolutionary perspective?

    <p>One sex violates the desires of the opposite sex, historically reducing reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to error management theory, what does it predict about evolved mind-reading mechanisms?

    <p>They will be biased to produce more of one type of inferential error than another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sexual overperception bias in men designed to minimize?

    <p>The costs of missed sexual opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the commitment skepticism bias in women underestimate early in courtship?

    <p>Men’s actual level of romantic commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does error management theory extend its logic to in evolutionary fitness?

    <p>Cost–benefit consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do younger women have more to lose by being deceived about?

    <p>A man’s commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do older postmenopausal women have less to lose by being deceived about?

    <p>A man’s commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to error management theory, what does it predict about evolved mind-reading mechanisms?

    <p>They will be biased to produce more of one type of inferential error than another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sexual overperception bias in men designed to minimize?

    <p>The costs of missed sexual opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the commitment skepticism bias in women aim to minimize?

    <p>The costs of being sexually deceived by men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do younger women have more to lose by, according to the text?

    <p>Being deceived about a man's commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the error management theory extend its logic to, according to the text?

    <p>Cost–benefit consequences in evolutionary fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of smoke alarms being hypersensitive to any hint of smoke, as per the text?

    <p>To minimize the catastrophic costs of failing to detect a real house fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Conflict Between the Sexes: Evolutionary Perspective

    • Strategic interference occurs when one sex violates the desires of the opposite sex, historically reducing reproductive success.
    • "Negative" emotions such as anger, jealousy, and distress are evolved solutions to strategic interference problems.
    • Conflict serves no adaptive purpose and is a by-product of differing sexual strategies between men and women.
    • Men and women aren't united in their interests and are not at war with each other; individuals are primarily in competition with members of their own gender.
    • Disagreements about the occurrence and timing of sex are common sources of conflict between men and women.
    • Men often seek sex with minimal investment, while women often pursue a long-term sexual strategy and seek investment before consenting to sex.
    • Sexual conflict occurs over the timing of sexual intercourse, amount of investment prior to sex, frequency of sex within a relationship, and investment in offspring.
    • Men sometimes infer sexual interest from women when it does not exist, leading to conflict.
    • In a study, men were more likely than women to infer seductive and sexual intentions from a non-flirtatious interaction between a female student and a male professor.
    • Men exhibit a sexual misperception bias, perceiving women as more interested in them than they actually are, especially those pursuing a short-term mating strategy.
    • Men high in self-perceived attractiveness and female-evaluated mate value are especially vulnerable to the sexual over-perception bias.
    • A cross-cultural test of the sexual over-perception bias showed that men were prone to this bias, facilitating more frequent attempts to initiate sexual overtures.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the conflict between the sexes from an evolutionary perspective with this quiz. Explore the evolutionary roots of strategic interference, differing sexual strategies between men and women, and the sources of conflict, such as sexual misperception bias.

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