The Evolution of Heliocentric Models in Astronomy
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Questions and Answers

What was the key contribution of Johannes Kepler to the heliocentric model of the solar system?

  • Kepler discovered the force of gravity that keeps the planets in orbit.
  • Kepler proposed that the planets orbit at different speeds.
  • Kepler determined that the planets orbit in ellipses. (correct)
  • Kepler suggested the planets orbit in perfect circles around the Sun.

    • What did Isaac Newton's laws of gravity explain about planetary motion?

  • Newton's laws demonstrated that planets orbit at different speeds due to their mass.
  • Newton's laws proved that planets orbit the Earth, not the Sun.
  • Newton's laws showed that planets orbit in perfect circles around the Sun.
  • Newton's laws explained why planets orbit in ellipses and at different speeds. (correct)

    • How did Newton's law of universal gravitation explain the presence of moons orbiting planets?

  • Moons orbit planets because of the attraction between the masses of the planet and its moons. (correct)
  • Moons orbit planets because of the celestial spheres that Ptolemy proposed.
  • Moons orbit planets because of the Sun's gravitational force on both the planet and its moons.
  • Moons orbit planets because of the planets' strong gravitational pull on them.

    • What was the key contribution of the Copernican model of the universe?

    <p>The Copernican model eliminated the need for celestial spheres and a finite universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Newton address the concern that stars should all fall toward each other due to gravity?

    <p>Newton reasoned that if there are an infinite number of stars, they would not collapse in on each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the observations of Henrietta Leavitt and Edwin Hubble suggest about the universe?

    <p>Their observations indicated the universe is expanding and populated by billions of galaxies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system?

    <p>The geocentric model placed the Earth at the center, while the heliocentric model placed the Sun at the center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Newton's laws of gravity explain the varying speeds of the planets orbiting the Sun?

    <p>Newton's laws revealed that planets orbit at different speeds depending on their mass and distance from the Sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key implication of the Copernican model in terms of the size and boundary of the universe?

    <p>The Copernican model led to the assumption that the 'fixed stars' were actually distant bodies like the Sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key feature of Johannes Kepler's heliocentric model of the solar system?

    <p>The planets orbited the Sun in ellipses at varying speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Newton's laws of gravity explain the presence of moons orbiting planets?

    <p>The moons were attracted to the planets by the force of gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key implication of the Copernican model regarding the size and boundary of the universe?

    <p>The universe had no boundary and was potentially infinite in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Newton address the concern that stars should all fall toward each other due to gravity?

    <p>He argued that if there were an infinite number of stars, they would not collapse inward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the observations of Henrietta Leavitt and Edwin Hubble suggest about the nature of the universe?

    <p>The universe was expanding and populated by billions of galaxies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system?

    <p>The geocentric model had the Earth at the center, while the heliocentric model had the Sun at the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key contribution of the Copernican model of the universe?

    <p>It eliminated the need for celestial spheres and the idea of a natural boundary to the universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Isaac Newton's laws of gravity explain the varying speeds of the planets orbiting the Sun?

    <p>Planets closer to the Sun orbit more quickly due to the stronger gravitational pull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key contribution of Johannes Kepler to the heliocentric model of the solar system?

    <p>He proposed that the planets orbit the Sun in ellipses at varying speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Isaac Newton's laws of gravity explain about planetary motion?

    <p>They explained why planets orbit the Sun in ellipses at varying speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

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