The Evolution of Criminology in South Africa

Which approach did early South African criminologists move away from due to negative connotations associated with it in the West?

Who was a sociologist with strong opinions on race and had much to do with the introduction of apartheid?

What is the contemporary criminological approach now accepted by many South African criminologists?

Which of the following is not a universally applicable crime theory according to the text?

Why is it extremely difficult to apply psychological tests such as IQ and personality tests designed for Western cultures in Africa?

What is the difference between criminological theories and factors according to the text?

What does Cohen warn about social crime theories arising in one country?

Why is there little criminological literature originating from Africa?

What is the aim of the United Nations' Africa Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders?

What is the main reason attributed to crime in Africa according to the available literature?

What was the focus of traditional African law?

What is the negative influence of the Western legal system on the crime phenomenon in Africa?

What was the precolonial African approach to righting wrongs and restoring law and order?

Why has the United Nations' Africa Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders been hampered?

What are the two types of victims that contemporary Africa focuses on?

What is the percentage of the South African population that is younger than 19 years of age according to the latest census?

What does Asuni (1992) regard as an important cause of crime in Africa?

What is the view of Mushanga (1992) and Kibuka (1980) on preventing and controlling crime in Africa?

What are the two criminology theories that South African criminologists tend to support?

Who were the first South African criminologists trained by and who influenced them?

What does Bonger attribute as the main causes of crime?

Which of the following factors is NOT listed as a cause of crime in South Africa?

What is a possible consequence of the marginalization of youth in South Africa?

What is a possible consequence of the ready access to firearms in South Africa?

What is a possible consequence of inadequate support and services for victims of crime in South Africa?

What is a possible consequence of poverty, unemployment, and relative deprivation as a result of apartheid in South Africa?

What is a possible consequence of the political culture of violence and crime in South Africa?

What is a possible consequence of certain economic developments in South Africa?

What is a possible consequence of the justification of crime in political terms in South Africa?

What is a possible consequence of the absence of a national consensus on crime in South Africa?