The Evolution of Cardiology

History of Cardiovascular Medicine

• Peter Medawar is credited with recognizing tissue rejection.
• Alexis Carrel worked with Charles Lindberg to create an organ perfusion pump out of glass.
• John Heysham Gibbon developed the first heart-lung machine.
• William Harvey is credited with the theory of circulation and is known as the Father of Cardiology.
• Richard Lower discovered the need for oxygenation and demonstrated that black blood could be whipped into red.
• Alexis Carrel won the Nobel Prize based on perfusion of organs and transplantation research.
• John Heysham Gibbon was the first to successfully keep cat and bird organs alive for as long as 21 days.
• Werner Forssmann performed the first heart catheterization.
• John Heysham Gibbon developed the first heart-lung machine.
• Heparin is neutralized with protamine sulfate.
• John Heysham Gibbon is credited with successful animal perfusion and development of the roller pump.
• Alexis Carrel sewed the heart of one animal into the carotid artery and jugular vein of another.
• Claude Beck attempted to remove bullets from the mediastinum using an electromagnet over the heart.
• Richard Lower discovered the need for oxygenation and demonstrated that black blood could be whipped into red.
• Alexis Carrel worked with Charles Lindberg to create an organ perfusion pump out of glass.
• William Harvey is known as the Father of Cardiology.
• Hippocrates is considered the Father of Medicine.
• Galen proposed the theory of circulation and linked the heart, liver, and brain.
• Leonardo da Vinci is credited with secretly dissecting and drawing the human heart in the 15th/16th century.
• William Harvey is known as the Father of Cardiology and proposed the Theory of Circulation.
• Luigi Galvani discovered electrical activity in the body in 1791.
• Pierre-Nicolas Le Cat proposed the concept of 'artificial circulation' in 1813.
• René Laënnec invented the stethoscope in 1816.
• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895.
• Billroth is considered the father of abdominal surgery and completed the first successful gastrectomy for stomach cancer.
• Karl Landsteiner discovered 3 different blood groups in 1900.