The Endocrine System Overview

<p>They bind and release thyroid hormones as needed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become inactive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grave’s disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcitonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits osteoclasts and promotes bone formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcitonin is released from C cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes calcium reabsorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances intestinal absorption of calcium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embedded in the posterior thyroid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accumulation of lipids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release calcium into the bloodstream. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C cells of the thyroid gland. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of corticosteroids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease water loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70-99 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follitropin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate insulin production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sudden rise in OT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melatonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circadian rhythms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes insipidus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatotropin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes mellitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases production of melanin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Average blood glucose over 3 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatotropin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stores and releases hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cause premature puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic ketoacidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates absorption of calcium and phosphate in the digestive tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They promote sodium and water loss, decreasing blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leptin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases leptin release, preventing a feeling of satiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates calcium reabsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood volume and atrial wall stretch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a sense of satiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of calcium homeostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become more intense during dangerous situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breastfeeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of chemicals from damaged blood vessels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances contractions of smooth muscles in the uterus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases, leading to a reduction in platelet accumulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases blood pressure and cardiac efficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrival of platelets at the injury site. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure from the fetal head on the cervix. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mechanism that amplifies or enhances an initial change in a physiological system, leading to a more rapid and extreme response.

A set of interconnected physiological processes that maintain a stable internal environment within the body, despite external changes.

The process of blood clotting, where the initial formation of a clot triggers the release of clotting factors, ultimately leading to a stable clot.

The process of childbirth, where the baby's head pushing against the cervix stimulates the release of oxytocin, further intensifying contractions.

The release of breast milk is stimulated by the baby sucking, which in turn triggers the release of more milk.

A butterfly-shaped gland located in the anterior neck, responsible for producing thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) that regulate metabolism.

The functional units of the thyroid gland, composed of follicular cells surrounding a colloid substance containing thyroglobulin, iodine, and thyroid hormones.

Specialized cells within the thyroid follicles that produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) through a complex chemical pathway.

A thick colloid substance within thyroid follicles containing thyroglobulin, iodine, and thyroid hormones.

Thyroid hormone secreted by the follicular cells, responsible for regulating cellular metabolism and influencing energy production.

Cells located around the thyroid follicles that secrete calcitonin, a hormone essential for regulating blood calcium levels.

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones.

Proteins in the bloodstream responsible for binding and transporting thyroid hormones, ensuring their availability to tissues as needed.

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates cell growth and replication. It has both direct effects (on fat and liver) and indirect effects (through IGFs).

Insulin-like growth factors produced by the liver in response to growth hormone (GH). They promote cell growth and metabolism.

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that promotes the production and maturation of sperm in males.

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovulation and hormone production in females, and androgen production in males.

A hormone released from the anterior pituitary that stimulates milk production in females and enhances testosterone sensitivity in males.

The part of the anterior pituitary that secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). It's not functionally active in adults.

The posterior pituitary, also known as the neurohypophysis, stores and releases hormones like ADH and oxytocin.

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urine output.

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection after childbirth.

Hormones produced by the hypothalamus and stored/released by the pituitary glands.

A state of balance in the body, especially the maintenance of a constant internal environment.

A hormone produced by the C cells of the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity, promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys, and reducing calcium absorption in the small intestine.

Cells located in the thyroid gland that are responsible for producing and releasing calcitonin.

The process by which bone cells break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into the bloodstream.

Cells in the parathyroid glands that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH).

A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity, promoting calcium reabsorption by the kidneys, and promoting the formation of calcitriol.

A hormone produced by the kidneys that enhances the actions of PTH, increasing the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the digestive tract.

The outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces corticosteroids.

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that play a vital role in maintaining life, including regulating metabolism, stress response, and electrolyte balance.

A group of proteins that bind to corticosteroids in the bloodstream, allowing their transport throughout the body.

The endocrine tissue within the pancreas consisting of clusters of hormone-secreting cells.

A condition characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.

A test that measures the average blood glucose level over the lifespan of red blood cells (approximately 3 months).

A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels that overwhelm the reabsorption capabilities of the kidneys, leading to glucose in the urine.

A type of diabetes characterized by inadequate insulin production by the pancreas.

The most common type of diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, where the body doesn't respond properly to insulin.

The process of generating new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol.

Hormones produced by the thymus gland that promote the development of T lymphocytes.

Specialized cells in the pineal gland that produce melatonin.

A hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles, inhibits reproductive function, and acts as an antioxidant.

A hormone released by the kidneys in response to low blood calcium levels, stimulating the production of calcitriol (vitamin D3 active form) to increase calcium absorption from the gut.

The active form of vitamin D3, produced by the kidneys, that promotes calcium absorption in the intestines, bone formation, and calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.

A hormone produced by heart muscle cells in response to increased blood volume and pressure. It inhibits the release of renin, aldosterone, and ADH, leading to decreased blood pressure and volume.

A hormone released from the stomach in response to an empty stomach. It stimulates appetite.

A hormone produced by adipose tissue that plays a role in regulating appetite and energy expenditure. It signals satiety.

A mechanism that counteracts or reduces an initial change in a physiological system, returning it to a stable set point.