The Endocrine System and Vitamin D
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cells in the parathyroid gland produce PTH?

  • Chief cells (correct)
  • Oxyphil cells
  • Both chief and oxyphil cells
  • None of the above

What is the function of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid gland?

  • Produce oxydative and hydrolitic enzymes
  • Unknown function (correct)
  • Produce insulin
  • Produce PTH

What is the half-life of PTH?

  • 24 hours
  • 1 hour
  • 30 minutes
  • 5-10 minutes (correct)

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

<p>Degrade bone tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct effect of PTH on the kidneys?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for transforming vitamin D into its biologically activated form?

<p>Kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important pool for physiological control of calcium concentrations in the blood?

<p>Bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of calcitriol?

<p>Increases absorption of calcium by the GI tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts calcidiol 25(OH)D into calcitriol 1,25(OH)â‚‚D?

<p>1-alfa-hydroxilase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the active transport of dietary calcium across the intestinal epithelium?

<p>PTH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland produces calcitonin?

<p>Thyroid gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of calcitonin on bone metabolism?

<p>Increases storage of calcium in the bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of primary hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Polydipsia and polyuria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the parathyroid glands?

<p>The parathyroid glands are located in the thyroid glands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in calcium metabolism?

<p>PTH promotes the activation of calcitriol. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcitonin in calcium and phosphate homeostasis?

<p>Calcitonin inhibits the release of PTH from the parathyroid glands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Bone loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for ionized calcium?

<p>iCa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of PTH?

<p>Parathyroid chief cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteocytes in bone?

<p>Bone cell communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in horses?

<p>Muscle weakness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of idiopathic secondary hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Unknown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the classic laboratory findings in horses with hypocalcemia due to low levels of PTH?

<p>Low total calcium and high ionized calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in reptiles and amphibians?

<p>Deficiency of dietary calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition known as 'big-head disease' in horses?

<p>Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor implicated in the development of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in reptiles and amphibians?

<p>Imbalance of calcium-phosphorus ratio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of skeletal deformities and bone effects in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Excessive mobilization of calcium from the skeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the classic laboratory findings in horses with secondary hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Low total and ionized calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parathyroid hormone in the development of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Excessive production of PTH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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