63 Questions
What hormone is responsible for increasing cardiac output and redistributing blood to exercising muscles through vasoconstriction?
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Which hormone is involved in maintaining blood plasma levels and triggers water and sodium retention?
ADH & aldosterone
Which hormone is responsible for increasing muscle size through protein synthesis?
Testosterone
Which hormone is released from overtraining and not enough rest?
Cortisol
Which hormone is involved in metabolic rate and is affected by hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid hormone
Which hormone is responsible for increasing fuel mobilization, and has pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects?
IL-6
Which hormone decreases with training, leading to increased sensitivity?
Leptin
Which type of fatigue is related to psychological factors such as motivation?
Central fatigue
Which type of fatigue is related to muscular factors and energy supply?
Peripheral fatigue
Which hormone decreases with resistance training, but the decrease is not as noticeable?
IGF
Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of fats in adipocytes and decreases during heavy intensity exercise?
IL-6
Which hormone is responsible for more glycogen saved and made, and increases sensitivity to insulin?
Insulin
What is the normal muscle pH range?
6.9-9.5
Which factor influences convection in heat exchange?
Wind
What is the main effect of caffeine on the body?
Increase fatty acid utilization
What is the role of sodium bicarbonate in fatigue management?
Buffer for H+ ions
What causes delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?
Inflammation and muscle damage
What is the main function of NT (neurotransmitters) in muscle fatigue?
Binding to receptors
What is the main cause of metabolic fatigue?
Decreased ATP production
What is the primary role of aldosterone in the body?
Sodium and water retention in kidneys
What is the main source of fuel for Type I muscle fibers?
Glycogen
What is the main cause of pain during exercise, according to the text?
Stimulation of nerve fibers from H+ ions
What is the primary role of epinephrine (adrenaline) in the body?
Enhance fatty acid utilization
What is the main effect of carbohydrate supercompensation on glycogen stores?
Enhancing glycogen stores
What is the primary goal of resistance training?
Increasing muscle size
Which hormone increases protein synthesis and muscle size?
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)
What does resistance training do to muscle cross-sectional area?
Increases it
What is the inverse relationship between economy and O2 cost?
As O2 cost decreases, economy increases
What is the primary cause of transient hypertrophy in muscles during resistance training?
Fluid flow to the muscle
What is the formula to estimate O2 cost?
$ ext{O2 cost} = ( ext{m/min}) imes ( ext{mL/kg/kg}) + 3.5 ext{ mL/kg/min}$
What is the primary effect of endurance training on muscle fibers?
Conversion of Type IIb to Type IIa fibers
What is the velocity at VO2 max?
The speed at which an individual can run when working at their VO2 max
What is the main difference in bone mineral density between weight-bearing and non-weight bearing bones?
Weight-bearing bones have higher density
What is the limiting factor related to muscle efficiency in using energy?
Muscle and mitochondria
What happens to bone mineral density in female athletes experiencing the 'triad'?
Decreases
What factor influences convection in heat exchange?
Surface area-mass ratio
What is the primary influencing factor related to genetics in O2 cost and economy?
Sex
What is the primary role of aldosterone in the body?
Maintaining blood plasma levels and triggering water and sodium retention
What is the equation to calculate VO2 using the Fick equation?
$VO2 = Q imes a-vO2diff$
What is the main criterion for VO2 peak attainment during a test?
Plateau in VO2 despite increasing work rate
What is the main reason for an increase in VO2 max?
Increased endurance
What is the primary indicator of exercise intensity domains?
Lactate threshold
What is the main effect of dehydration on exercise performance?
Motivation decreases from high intensity
What is the primary role of critical power in exercise?
Maximal sustainable power output for 1 hour
What is the equation to calculate VO2 using the volume rate of inspired and expired oxygen?
$VO2 = (VI imes FIO2) - (VE imes FEO2)$
What is the primary function of PGC-1a?
Stimulation of aerobic adaptation
What is the primary effect of resistance training on LDL-C (Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol)?
Decreases LDL-C
What is the primary role of the adrenal medulla?
Release norepinephrine and epinephrine
What is the primary effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on heart rate?
Increases heart rate precisely
What is the primary effect of epinephrine on glycogenolysis?
Stimulates glycogen breakdown
What is the primary source of fuel for Type 1 muscle fibers?
Fats
What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in response to exercise?
Helps maintain homeostasis
What is the primary effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on breathing?
Decreases resistance and helps breathing
What is the primary effect of decreasing blood flow to organs during exercise?
Hormones stay in the system longer
What is the primary role of the sympathetic nervous system during exercise?
Stimulate adrenal medulla releasing hormones and increase skin blood flow
Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of fats in adipocytes and decreases during heavy intensity exercise?
Epinephrine
What is the main effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation during exercise?
Increased skin blood flow and enhanced clot breakdown
Which hormone is involved in metabolic rate and is affected by hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid hormone
What is the primary role of the parasympathetic nervous system during exercise?
Increase heart rate variability and stimulate digestion
What is the main function of neurotransmitters in muscle fatigue?
Communicate with target cells and regulate enzyme activity
What is the primary role of epinephrine (adrenaline) in the body?
Stimulate breakdown of fats and increase cardiac output
What is the primary role of aldosterone in the body?
Regulate water and sodium retention
What is the main cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?
Microscopic muscle fiber damage and inflammation
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system's role in exercise with this quiz. Explore topics such as fuel mobilization, hormone-sensitive lipase, blood flow control, and the impact of hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine on cardiac output and muscle vasoconstriction.
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