The Egyptian Revolution of 1919
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Questions and Answers

The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 was primarily against the French occupation of Egypt.

False (B)

The Egyptian Revolution led to Great Britain's recognition of Egyptian independence in 1922.

True (A)

The British occupied Egypt to protect their interests in the Panama Canal.

False (B)

During WWI, the Ottoman Empire sided with the Allied Powers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Egypt became a British protectorate after separating from the Ottoman Empire during WWI.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

President Wilson's Twelve Points promised Egyptian self-government

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Saad Zaghloul led a delegation of Egyptian activists to request an end to the British protectorate and representation at the Paris Peace Conference.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Gallipoli campaign was a battle in the Sinai Peninsula.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During March 15-31, only a few Egyptians were killed and very few villages were burned down.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The strikes were exclusively led by trade unions and transport workers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By July 25, 1919, approximately 800 Egyptians had died, and 1,600 others had sustained injuries.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass movement in Egypt never involved women or people of different faiths.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, sent a commission of enquiry to Egypt in December primarily to discuss trade.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The report to Lloyd George recommended that the protectorate status of Egypt should be maintained indefinitely.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Britain completely and unconditionally withdrew all its forces from Egypt on February 22, 1922.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Saad Zaghloul became the first elected King of Egypt in 1924.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass movement for the full independence of Egypt and Sudan was organized using the tactics of military engagement.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Wafd Party was an Egyptian political party that had little support among the Egyptian people.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Zaghloul and other movement leaders were exiled to Cyprus by the British.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Students at Al-Azhar University were the last to join the revolutionary uprising.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On March 11th lawyers stopped their strike and returned to work.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More than 3,000 demonstrators in the delta city of Tanta successfully stormed the rail station.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both Huda Sha'arawi and Safia Zaghloul were wives of exiled Egyptian nationalist politicians and lead the protests against the British.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Egyptian nationalist women played no significant role in organizing strikes and boycotts of British goods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Khedivate of Egypt

An autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire that was occupied by Britain in 1882.

Protectorate

A territory under the control of another country, but not fully annexed.

Egyptian Nationalists

Egyptian political leaders and activists who advocated for independence from British control.

President Wilson's Fourteen Points

A series of proposals by US President Woodrow Wilson in 1918, which aimed to promote peace and self-determination.

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Egyptian Nationalist Delegation

A delegation of Egyptian nationalist leaders, headed by Saad Zaghloul, who requested an end to the British protectorate and representation at the Paris Peace Conference.

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British High Commissioner

The highest-ranking British official in Egypt, responsible for administering the protectorate.

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Paris Peace Conference

The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was a gathering of Allied nations to negotiate peace treaties following WWI.

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Self-determination

The right of a nation to freely determine its own political status and form of government.

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Civil Disobedience

A method of peaceful protest involving refusal to obey unjust laws or regulations, often used to bring about political change.

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Wafd Party

A major Egyptian political party founded in 1919 that advocated for Egypt's independence from British rule and gained widespread support.

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Malta

The island nation in the Mediterranean Sea where Zaghloul and other Egyptian nationalist leaders were exiled by the British in 1919, sparking the Egyptian Revolution.

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Egyptian Revolution of 1919

A significant event in the early 20th century where Egyptians protested against British rule, leading to a period of unrest and eventually contributing to Egyptian independence.

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Al-Azhar University

A major university in Cairo that played a central role in the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, with students leading protests and demonstrations.

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Safia Zaghloul

The wife of Egyptian nationalist leader Saad Zaghloul, who played a crucial role in the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 by organizing women's protests and advocating for women's rights.

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Huda Sha'arawi

An Egyptian feminist and activist who, with Safia Zaghloul, organized women's protests against the British during the Egyptian Revolution of 1919.

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Sabotage

The use of various methods to obstruct or disrupt the operations of the British administration in Egypt during the 1919 Revolution, with women playing a key role in such tactics.

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1919 Egyptian Revolution

A period of widespread unrest and violence in Egypt between March 15 and 31, 1919, fueled by resentment against British rule and fueled by the hardships of World War I.

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National general strike in Egypt (1919)

A significant event during the 1919 Egyptian revolution where student demonstrations sparked a national general strike, paralyzing Egypt's transportation and economy. It highlights the power of organized labor and public discontent.

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David Lloyd George

The British Prime Minister who sent a commission to Egypt in 1919 to investigate the causes of the revolution and recommend a solution. The commission ultimately recommended ending the British protectorate.

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Saad Zaghloul

The Egyptian nationalist leader who was allowed to return to Egypt after the 1919 revolution and led a delegation to Paris. He was a key figure in the movement for Egyptian independence from Britain.

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Egyptian Independence Declaration (1922)

The official declaration of Egyptian independence from Britain on February 22, 1922. This declaration resulted from the 1919 Egyptian revolution.

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Saad Zaghloul (as Prime Minister)

The first democratically elected Prime Minister of Egypt. Became Prime Minister in 1924. He was a leading figure in the Wafd party and a pivotal voice in Egypt's quest for sovereignty.

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British Control of Sudan and Suez Canal Zone (1922)

The British Government retained control of the Sudan and the Suez Canal Zone despite granting independence to Egypt in 1922. This demonstrates that British influence remained strong in the region.

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Study Notes

The Egyptian Revolution of 1919

  • The revolution was a countrywide revolt against British occupation of Egypt and Sudan
  • It occurred after World War I, leading to British recognition of Egyptian independence in 1922
  • British occupation of Egypt began in 1882, following the Urabi Revolt and Anglo-Egyptian War in 1882
  • Egypt was made a British protectorate in 1914, separating from the Ottoman Empire
  • Egyptian nationalists viewed the protectorate as temporary, expecting change after WWI
  • Egypt played a significant role in WWI, providing soldiers, resources (labor), and supporting the Allies
  • Promised self-governance during WWI by the Allies (including President Wilson's Fourteen Points) spurred demands for independence

Background

  • The Urabi Revolt (1882) triggered British occupation
  • WWI led to heightened British presence in Egypt as a staging ground for military campaigns
  • British conscription of Egyptians, and requisitioning of resources created resentment

Timeline

  • 1882-1914: British occupation (Khedivate of Egypt)
  • 1914-1922: Egypt becomes a British protectorate
  • 1919: Nationalist revolution following WWI
  • 1922: Egypt gains independence

Events

  • 1919: Saad Zaghloul and nationalist activists formed a delegation to protest the British protectorate in Egypt and demand self-determination
  • Exiled Egyptian nationalist leaders's arrest sparked widespread civil disobedience and demonstrations
  • Students, workers, and other Egyptians protested across Egypt, including strikes and boycotts
  • Violence Escalated, widespread strikes, boycotts and acts of sabotage
  • Egypt's participation in WWI efforts and Britain's promises of self-determination fueled the demand for independence
  • The revolution involved significant participation from women

Aftermath

  • 1922: British government granted Egypt independence.
  • However, Britain kept military presence and control over Sudan as well as retaining control of resources (e.g., Suez Canal)
  • The revolution's declaration was significant in galvanizing movements for independence in other African and Asian countries.

Key Figures

  • Saad Zaghloul: A key leader in the Egyptian nationalist movement
  • Huda Sha'arawi: A prominent Egyptian feminist actively involved in the revolution.
  • David Lloyd George: British Prime minister.

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Description

This quiz explores the key events and implications of the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, a significant revolt against British occupation. It highlights the background of the revolution, including the impact of World War I and the Urabi Revolt. Test your knowledge on how these historical events shaped Egypt's path to independence.

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