The Early Mexican Republic - Constitution of 1824
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following individuals was NOT a part of the three-man junta that governed Mexico provisionally after the collapse of the empire?

  • Guadalupe Victoria
  • Agustín de Iturbide (correct)
  • Pedro Celestino Negrete
  • Nicolas Bravo

    • Who were the main proponents of the centralist model for the new Mexican republic?

  • The clergy, the hacendados, and the army officers
  • Miguel Ramos Arizpe and Valentín Gómez Farfás
  • Liberal criollos and mestizos
  • Fray Servando Teresa de Mier and Carlos María de Bustamante (correct)

    • Which of the following elements were emphasized by the federalists in their arguments for a decentralized republic?

  • Consolidation of power in the hands of the military and landowning elite
  • Religious influence in government and state control over education
  • Strong central authority and strict social hierarchies
  • Secular state, equality before the law, and no ethnic distinction (correct)

    • Which of the following historical documents did the federalists draw inspiration from in their arguments for a federal republic?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Fray Servando Teresa de Mier's position on the Virgin of Guadalupe?

    <p>He questioned the authenticity of her image. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Fray Servando's main argument against the federal system for Mexico?

    <p>It would weaken the country at a time when unity was necessary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Ramos Arizpe and his federalist supporters view centralism?

    <p>As synonymous with despotism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the arguments made by Fray Servando?

    <p>His arguments were ignored, and federalism was favored. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established under the Constitution of 1824 regarding the structure of Mexico's government?

    <p>It organized Mexico as a federal republic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy did Fray Servando use to describe Mexico's current state of governance?

    <p>Slaves freed from cruel masters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the system of representation established in the Mexican Congress?

    <p>Each state had two senators and one deputy for every eighty thousand inhabitants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Mexican federal system differ from the US model in terms of presidential elections?

    <p>The Mexican president was elected by the state legislatures, while the US president was elected by popular vote. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role did local politics play in the early Mexican federal system?

    <p>Local politics had a major impact on citizenship, political participation, and even voting rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main point of contention between the liberal and conservative factions during the 1828 presidential elections?

    <p>The extent of the federal government's power and influence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what can be inferred about the political climate in Mexico in the early 1820s?

    <p>Mexico was experiencing a period of intense political polarization, with distinct divisions and conflicts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Early Mexican Republic - Constitution of 1824

    • A military junta, composed of Nicolas Bravo, Guadalupe Victoria, and Pedro Celestino Negrete, provisionally governed Mexico following the collapse of the empire.
    • Elections were held to select delegates to a constitutional congress, charged with creating a new constitution.
    • The congress met on November 27, 1823, and debated between a federalist (more state autonomy) and centralist (stronger central government) system.
    • Centralists drew support from clergy, landowners, and army officers.
    • Federalists attracted support from liberals and those drawing from the French and American revolutions, promoting a secular state and equality before the law. Key spokespeople included Miguel Ramos Arizpe and Valentín Gómez Farias.
    • Fray Servando Teresa de Mier and Carlos María de Bustamante championed the centralist cause.
    • Arizpe presented a working paper modeled after the US Constitution.
    • Mier argued against a federal system, believing it would weaken Mexico.
    • The 1824 constitution established a federal republic with 19 states and 4 territories.
    • The legislature was bicameral (Senate and Chamber of Deputies). Representation was based on population size of each state (2 senators per state and 1 deputy for every 80,000 inhabitants)
    • States were granted more power compared to the US model, with the president and vice-president elected by state legislatures.

    The Victoria Presidency

    • Guadalupe Victoria and Nicolás Bravo were elected president and vice-president respectively.
    • Victoria was an honest and unassuming leader.
    • He tried to be impartial and inclusive, but faced difficulties in managing complex political issues and pressures.
    • The political atmosphere was characterized by intense political rivalries, ideological divides, and mistrust.
    • The political factions identified with different Masonic lodges (York Rite and Scottish Rite).
    • The debate over the type of political system and the best approach towards economic, governmental and political stability continued fiercely.
    • The Mexican congress executed the former emperor Iturbide after he returned to Mexico, despite his declaring his loyalty to the republics.

    Domestic Turmoil and a Spanish Invasion

    • The election of 1828 saw Vicente Guerrero (liberal faction) and Manuel Gómez Pedraza (conservative) contend as candidates.
    • Differences in political views resulted in widespread accusations and charges.
    • Antonio López de Santa Anna emerged as a key figure during the turbulence.
    • Following concerns expressed by both liberal and conservative factions, the Spanish attempted to re-conquer Mexico
    • The Spanish attempt failed to materialize.

    Federalist-Centralist Struggle Continues

    • After the Spanish threat, the internal conflict between federalists and centralists resumed.
    • President Guerrero refused to relinquish extraordinary powers, leading to a conservative, vice presidential revolt led by Bustamante.
    • Guerrero was executed in 1831.
    • The execution had a profound negative effect on Mexico's transition to self-governance.
    • The conflict continued despite efforts by various leaders

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    Chapter 17: The Early Mexican Republic PDF

    Description

    Explore the pivotal events surrounding the creation of the 1824 Constitution in Mexico. Discover the debates between federalists and centralists, and the key figures that influenced the outcome. This quiz delves into the political landscape of early Mexican governance and the ideological struggles that shaped the nation's future.

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