The Dynamic Earth: Observing Changes in Hawai'i
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism that causes volcanoes to form at hot spots?

  • The movement of tectonic plates over a stationary column of magma
  • The buildup of gases and pressure within the Earth's interior
  • The melting and re-solidification of the Earth's crust
  • The eruption of magma from deep within the Earth's mantle (correct)

How do the Hawaiian Islands demonstrate the process of hot spot volcanism?

  • The islands were formed by the melting and re-solidification of the Earth's crust
  • The islands were formed by the eruption of lava from deep within the Earth's interior
  • The islands were formed by the buildup of gases and pressure within the Earth's crust
  • The islands were formed one by one as the Pacific tectonic plate moved over a stationary hot spot (correct)

What is the primary process responsible for the formation of the black sand beaches in Hawaii?

  • The accumulation of organic matter and plant debris
  • The melting and re-solidification of the Earth's crust
  • The erosion and weathering of volcanic rocks (correct)
  • The deposition of volcanic ash and rock fragments

What is the name given to the isolated columns of magma that rise from deep within the Earth's mantle to form hot spots?

<p>Mantle plumes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a hot spot volcano?

<p>Yellowstone National Park (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for people being attracted to snorkeling in Hawai'i?

<p>To observe the features of the Earth that are not easily visible above water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do volcanoes and earthquakes help us understand the Earth's lithosphere?

<p>By indicating changes that occur inside the Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fault in the context of the Earth's crust?

<p>A line where stress breaks the Earth's crust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes stress buildup in the Earth's crust leading to earthquakes?

<p>Pushing and grinding of pieces of the Earth past each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do earthquakes contribute to the radical transformation of the Earth's landscape?

<p>By releasing energy that leads to ground shaking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the shaking of the ground during an earthquake?

<p>The waves of energy released when rocks fracture due to built-up stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do scientists deduce the structure of the Earth's interior?

<p>By studying the behavior of earthquake waves as they travel through the Earth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of tsunamis?

<p>Earthquakes that cause rapid vertical movement of the ocean floor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a tsunami wave as it approaches the shoreline?

<p>It slows down and piles up on itself, increasing in height (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way that volcanoes can form?

<p>Gradual cooling and solidification of molten rock from the Earth's core (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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