The Dynamic Earth: Observing Changes in Hawai'i
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism that causes volcanoes to form at hot spots?

  • The movement of tectonic plates over a stationary column of magma
  • The buildup of gases and pressure within the Earth's interior
  • The melting and re-solidification of the Earth's crust
  • The eruption of magma from deep within the Earth's mantle (correct)

    • How do the Hawaiian Islands demonstrate the process of hot spot volcanism?

  • The islands were formed by the melting and re-solidification of the Earth's crust
  • The islands were formed by the eruption of lava from deep within the Earth's interior
  • The islands were formed by the buildup of gases and pressure within the Earth's crust
  • The islands were formed one by one as the Pacific tectonic plate moved over a stationary hot spot (correct)

    • What is the primary process responsible for the formation of the black sand beaches in Hawaii?

  • The accumulation of organic matter and plant debris
  • The melting and re-solidification of the Earth's crust
  • The erosion and weathering of volcanic rocks (correct)
  • The deposition of volcanic ash and rock fragments

    • What is the name given to the isolated columns of magma that rise from deep within the Earth's mantle to form hot spots?

    <p>Mantle plumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hot spot volcano?

    <p>Yellowstone National Park</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for people being attracted to snorkeling in Hawai'i?

    <p>To observe the features of the Earth that are not easily visible above water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanoes and earthquakes help us understand the Earth's lithosphere?

    <p>By indicating changes that occur inside the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fault in the context of the Earth's crust?

    <p>A line where stress breaks the Earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes stress buildup in the Earth's crust leading to earthquakes?

    <p>Pushing and grinding of pieces of the Earth past each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do earthquakes contribute to the radical transformation of the Earth's landscape?

    <p>By releasing energy that leads to ground shaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the shaking of the ground during an earthquake?

    <p>The waves of energy released when rocks fracture due to built-up stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do scientists deduce the structure of the Earth's interior?

    <p>By studying the behavior of earthquake waves as they travel through the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of tsunamis?

    <p>Earthquakes that cause rapid vertical movement of the ocean floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a tsunami wave as it approaches the shoreline?

    <p>It slows down and piles up on itself, increasing in height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way that volcanoes can form?

    <p>Gradual cooling and solidification of molten rock from the Earth's core</p> Signup and view all the answers

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