Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was a consequence of the 1799 elections in France?
What was a consequence of the 1799 elections in France?
The Jacobins were in favor of a policy that included censorship and forced loans.
The Jacobins were in favor of a policy that included censorship and forced loans.
True
Who convinced Bonaparte to support the coup d'état in November 1799?
Who convinced Bonaparte to support the coup d'état in November 1799?
Sieyès
The Republic was founded in _____ and sought to save the national territory from foreign invasion.
The Republic was founded in _____ and sought to save the national territory from foreign invasion.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following events with their descriptions:
Match the following events with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What was the new government that was established after the monarchy was abolished in France?
What was the new government that was established after the monarchy was abolished in France?
Signup and view all the answers
The Directory's executive power was entrusted to three Directors.
The Directory's executive power was entrusted to three Directors.
Signup and view all the answers
Who organized the Conspiracy of the Equals?
Who organized the Conspiracy of the Equals?
Signup and view all the answers
The economic legacy of previous governments was so disastrous that the _____ was finally abolished in 1796.
The economic legacy of previous governments was so disastrous that the _____ was finally abolished in 1796.
Signup and view all the answers
Which two countries were France's last enemies by 1796?
Which two countries were France's last enemies by 1796?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant treaty did Bonaparte force Austria to sign?
What significant treaty did Bonaparte force Austria to sign?
Signup and view all the answers
The Constitution known as An III came into force on October 26, 1792.
The Constitution known as An III came into force on October 26, 1792.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the dates with the events that occurred in Le Directoire.
Match the dates with the events that occurred in Le Directoire.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
The Directory (1795-1799)
- The Directory was a French governmental system established from 1795 to 1799, during the French Revolution
- It succeeded the Convention and preceded the Consulate.
- The 1795 Constitution established a system of checks and balances.
- Powers were divided between the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients. Separating powers was a key feature of this constitution.
- The Directory's constitution used a censitary voting system.
- The Directory faced significant economic challenges, including high levels of debt and inflation. The assignats (paper money) had lost significant value.
- These challenges led to opposition and instability within the nation.
- Military successes by Bonaparte played a role in the Directory's rise and subsequent fall.
Bonaparte's Rise to Power
- In 1796, Bonaparte led French armies in Italy, achieving significant victories that strengthened his military reputation.
- His Egyptian expedition (1798) gave him even greater public awareness.
- Economic issues and political turmoil within France created opportunities for opportunistic leaders like Bonaparte.
- The Directory lost much of its popular support due to its economic struggles.
- The coup d'état of 18 Brumaire (November 9, 1799) marked the end of the Directory and the beginning of Bonaparte's consolidation of power.
The Consulate
- Following the coup, the Constitution of Year VIII was established, marking the end of the Directory and the beginning of the Consulate.
- This constitution centralized power under Napoleon Bonaparte as First Consul.
- The First Consul held significant power, including the ability to choose cabinet ministers and make legislative proposals.
- The Senate was established as a third governing body to offer some checks upon the executive.
- Napoleon's actions led to a strong centralized administration in France.
The Napoleonic Empire
- By 1804, Napoleon crowned himself Emperor, marking the transition from the Consulate to the Empire.
- This marked a shift from a republican government to an authoritarian one, centered around his power.
- Napoleon used plebiscites to maintain his power and support, despite the limited choice available to the French public.
- The Napoleonic legal system (the Code Civil) was established to ensure some form of order and consistency in the laws following the revolutionary period.
Consolidation of Power
- Napoleon centralized his power through his control of the French military.
- His legal and administrative changes aimed to stabilize the nation.
- He managed the French economy by building new financial institutions, providing stability in the chaos.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the complex history of the Directory, the French governmental system that operated from 1795 to 1799. Learn about its structure, challenges, and the role of Bonaparte in its rise to power during a turbulent period of the French Revolution.
