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Questions and Answers
Who sent envoys to Pope Urban II asking for mercenary troops from the West?
Who sent envoys to Pope Urban II asking for mercenary troops from the West?
- Pope Clement V
- Emperor Alexius I
- Seljuk Turks
- Alexius Comnenus (correct)
What was the purpose of the Crusades?
What was the purpose of the Crusades?
- To expand European trade routes
- To establish a new Christian empire in the Middle East
- To promote cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East
- To secure control of holy sites (correct)
When did the Crusades primarily occur?
When did the Crusades primarily occur?
- Between 1096 and 1291 (correct)
- Between 1000 and 1100
- Between 1066 and 1086
- Between 1200 and 1300
What did the Pope call on Western Christians to do at the Council of Clermont in November 1095?
What did the Pope call on Western Christians to do at the Council of Clermont in November 1095?
What was the symbol worn by those who joined the armed pilgrimage?
What was the symbol worn by those who joined the armed pilgrimage?
Who led the less organized band of knights and commoners known as the 'People’s Crusade'?
Who led the less organized band of knights and commoners known as the 'People’s Crusade'?
What city did the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attack in May 1097?
What city did the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attack in May 1097?
Who insisted that the leaders of the four main armies of Crusaders swear an oath of loyalty to him?
Who insisted that the leaders of the four main armies of Crusaders swear an oath of loyalty to him?
Whose army crossed the Bosporus Strait in early August, ignoring advice to wait for the rest of the Crusaders?
Whose army crossed the Bosporus Strait in early August, ignoring advice to wait for the rest of the Crusaders?
Which group carried out a series of massacres of Jews in various towns in the Rhineland in 1096?
Which group carried out a series of massacres of Jews in various towns in the Rhineland in 1096?
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Study Notes
Envoys to Pope Urban II
- Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Pope Urban II requesting mercenary troops from the West for assistance against Muslim forces.
Purpose of the Crusades
- The Crusades aimed to reclaim the Holy Land, specifically Jerusalem, and assist the Byzantine Empire in its conflicts.
Timeline of the Crusades
- The Crusades primarily occurred between 1096 and 1291, spanning several decades.
Council of Clermont
- At the Council of Clermont in November 1095, Pope Urban II called upon Western Christians to undertake a pilgrimage that would lead to military action to liberate Jerusalem.
Symbol of the Crusaders
- Those who joined the armed pilgrimage wore a red cross as a symbol of their commitment to the Crusade.
The People’s Crusade
- Peter the Hermit led the less organized band known as the 'People’s Crusade,' which included knights and commoners seeking to join the holy mission.
Siege of Nicaea
- In May 1097, the Crusaders, alongside their Byzantine allies, attacked the city of Nicaea.
Loyalty Oath
- Godfrey of Bouillon insisted that the leaders of the four main armies of the Crusaders swear an oath of loyalty to him, establishing his authority.
Crossing the Bosporus
- The army led by Bohemond of Taranto crossed the Bosporus Strait in early August, disregarding strategic advice to await the rest of the forces.
Rhineland Massacres
- In 1096, a series of violent attacks occurred against Jews in various towns in the Rhineland, carried out by a group of crusaders known as the 'People’s Crusade.'
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