The Crucifixion and Resurrection

• Crucifixion necessitates resurrection.

External Evidence

• Josephus and Tacitus wrote about it.
• Tacitus wrote annals and his history.
• Tacitus lived AD 56-120.
• Lucian of Samosata talked about Jesus being crucified.
• Justin Martyr lived AD 100-165.
• The manner in which one takes Jesus and places him with God is important.
• "Crux" was off limits and a bad word.
• Jews practiced crucifixion and Titus used it.
• Patibulum is a crossbeam.
• Assuary/bornbex discovered in 1968.
• Sedile and suppedaneum relate to crosses.
• Jesus died the 3rd hour on Roman crosses.

7 Words from the Cross

• Godet notes 7 significant phrases.
• "Father forgive them" relates to forgiving the Romans, Jews and everyone.
• This phrase is a word of sempiternal forgiveness.
• "Jesus remember me when you come to your kingdom"
• This phrase is a word of ceballing.
• This phrase acknowledges that Jesus is the savior.
• "Woman behold your son"
• This phrase is a word of promised provision.
• "My God my God why have you forsaken me?"
• This phrase word of absolute desolation.
• Jesus is feeling orphaned and abandoned, feeling God has left him alone.
• "I thirst" expresses physical desperation.
• Jesus promised a Samaritan woman living water, and now he is thirsty.
• "It is finished" is a word of ultimate victory.
• Jesus died with a loud cry and the mission of God was complete.
• "Father into your hands I deposit my spirit"
• This phrase is a word of ruthless trust.
• Jesus dies with faith and trust although God has not shown a sign.

Meaning

• Roman perception relates to sedition.
• La Dominic means cross.
• Joel Green discusses paterfamilias and partus potestas.
• Paula Fredrickson notes the crucifixion occurred on a Jewish holiday.
• This eliminates Jesus trying to save yourself.
• The Jews perception was a subversive prophet.
• Raymond Brown reinterprets the torch goes into a Jewish sacred place.
• Celsus refers to the miracle worker Jesus as Beezebub.

Miracles

• Miracles relate to symbols of the Kingdom of God's presence.
• Jesus would fix the brokenest of the people.
• Gerd Theissen says Jesus' miracles are answers to the threat of life.
• Interglaction literal sandwich: plate 1, plate 2, then plate 1 again.
• The Crucifixion is known as Karatic moment
• Key questions relate to Jesus' crucifixion: Why? How? Where?
• There is certainty of Jesus' death, the manner of his death, and meaning of his death.

Message and Miracles

• Jesus teaches in the synagogue and in the open world.
• Jesus teaches the "unworthy" - women, men, children, tax collectors.

Teaching Style

• Jesus seeks new insights.

Teachings

• Jesus speaks of the Kingdom of God.
• Kingdom defined as realm, territory, spatial.
• The King's role would be temporal - God's rule stands through him.
• Parables are used where you either love it or hate it.
• Aphorisms are used where there is meaning to be found.
• Jesus was a provocateur who taught to bring equality.

Baptism and Temptation

• Phenomenon of skizomenos.
• Spirits came and then rose.
• The Father was blooming with thunder.
• All of this indicates his conversion, repentance, and breaking from his past.
• It signified the declaration of the start of Jesus' ministry.
• Temptation relates to elballo - Jesus was thrown out.
• Temptation indicates vices.
• Temptations of the flesh relate to food indulgences, sleep indulgences, and sexuality.
• Matthew lists the temptations as stones to bread, temple precipice, and mountain.
• Luke 4 lists the temptations as stones to bread, mountain, and temple precipice.
• Changing stones to bread means he would be exploiting his powers for his own gain.
• To jump off the temple and assuming God will catch him means he can't force God's hand.
• May have gotten crushed at the end of time.
• This would be recklessness rather than faith.

Birth of Jesus

• Jesus was born in a cave based on the caravan Syri.
• Mary and Joseph were peasants.
• He was circumcised, purified, and had a redemption.

Key Books

• Relevant Deuteronomic books: Isiah and Psalm.

Interpretations

• Helvations state that the siblings are born after Jesus birth.
• While Catholicism state they are cousins.
• Tekton is not just a carpenter

Historic Jewish Holidays

• Jewish markers and their significance relate to Passover, Pentecost, Tabernacles, Yom Kippur, Purim, and Hanukkah.
• Passover reminds the Jews of their identity and Exodus.
• Pentecost commemorates the Ten Commandments being written on tablets.
• Tabernacles is a marker of the wandering.
• Yom Kippur is the day of atonement.
• Purim means the days of recognizing.
• Hanukkah commemorates the feast of lights.
• The Yom Kippur War took place between June 5-10.
• Jewish War of lights took place between June 6-25.

Gospels

• The Gospel defined as the message.
• Kerygma defined the preaching of the Gospel or message.
• R. Bultmann and C.H. Dodd are associated with this.
• The Gospel is a brandished framework of the Kerygma.

Content

• Two types of content: 1) outline or framework and 2) Kerygma
• Framework is a Sui Generis or one of a kind.
• Ancient Biography includes ancestry, record of public life, death of the hero.
• Key features of Gospels what did/does Jesus do? cross.

Formation of Gospels

• Oral traditions related to Jesus
• Proto Gospel is a written tradition
• Proto Gospel encompasses conflict and miracle stories.
• Canonical Gospels are about leaving things out and what do you keep in.