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The Cranberry Juice Myth
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The Cranberry Juice Myth

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about bacteria?

  • Bacteria have a rigid cell wall. (correct)
  • Bacteria have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
  • Bacterial ribosomes are larger than human ribosomes.
  • Bacteria have multiple chromosomes.

    • What is the advantage of bacteria's small size?

  • Bacteria can break down raw sewage.
  • Bacteria have a high surface-to-volume ratio. (correct)
  • Bacteria can easily obtain raw materials from the environment.
  • Bacteria can produce commercial products.

    • Where do bacteria obtain raw materials?

  • From commercial products.
  • From the soil and air. (correct)
  • From other bacteria.
  • From human cells.

    • Which of the following is a key factor that determines the danger of a pathogen?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease caused a deadly pandemic in 1918, killing an estimated 50 million people worldwide?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about prions is true?

    <p>They cause mad cow disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanisms are referred to as nonspecific and present at birth?

    <p>The innate defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when complement proteins create large holes through the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>Lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the activated complement proteins do when they form protein complexes?

    <p>They create large holes through the bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about lymphatic vessels?

    <p>They contain one-way valves to prevent backflow of lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aids the flow in lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Skeletal muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lymph nodes?

    <p>To fight infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest lymphatic organ in the body?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphatic tissue lies at the back of the nasal passages?

    <p>Adenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the skin's barrier function is true?

    <p>The skin's keratin forms a dry, tough barrier to entry by microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is found in tears and saliva that kills many bacteria?

    <p>Lysozyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucus in the body?

    <p>To trap microorganisms and prevent them from accessing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about diarrhea?

    <p>It helps remove microorganisms from the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of beneficial bacteria in the body?

    <p>To compete against harmful organisms for food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do beneficial bacteria reach the small and large intestine?

    <p>They pass through the stomach with the food we eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complement system?

    <p>A group of plasma proteins that assist other defense mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about bacterial infections?

    <p>Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about viruses?

    <p>Viruses require a host cell to reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about viral infections?

    <p>Viral infections can be prevented with vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about prions?

    <p>Prions can propagate the misfolding process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about bacterial ribosomes?

    <p>Bacterial ribosomes are smaller than human ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bacterial cell walls?

    <p>To give bacteria their distinctive shapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of bacteria's high surface-to-volume ratio?

    <p>It allows bacteria to obtain raw materials and get rid of wastes through diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphatic tissue often enlarges during early childhood but usually shrinks after age 5 and disappears by puberty?

    <p>Adenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the key attributes of the skin that make it an effective barrier against pathogens?

    <p>Production of sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism traps small particles and microorganisms, preventing them from gaining access to the cells beneath?

    <p>Mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about vomiting?

    <p>It is an effective way of ridding the body of toxic or infected stomach contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the complement system?

    <p>The complement system is part of the second line of defense in the body's immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when complement proteins form protein complexes?

    <p>They create large holes through the bacterial cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the complement system?

    <p>To assist other defense mechanisms in attacking pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacterial infection and killed an estimated 25-40% of the European population between 1348 and 1350?

    <p>Bubonic plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by a mosquito-borne virus and resulted in devastating neurological damage and microcephaly among babies born to infected women?

    <p>Zika virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by a zoonotic virus and has become the biggest infectious challenge that the world has faced in 100 years?

    <p>COVID-19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion infection and has no known cure?

    <p>Mad cow disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about bacterial infections?

    <p>Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of beneficial bacteria in the body?

    <p>Beneficial bacteria help in digestion and protect against harmful bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about viruses?

    <p>Viruses cannot grow and reproduce without access to a living cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about prions is true?

    <p>Prions can self-propagate and cause misfolding of nearby normal forms of the protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Lymphatic vessels are aided by skeletal muscle contractions and pressure changes in the abdomen during respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the spleen?

    <p>To control the quality of circulating red blood cells and help fight infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thymus gland?

    <p>To cause T lymphocytes to mature and take an active role in specific immune defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tonsils?

    <p>To gather and filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat in food or air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about probiotics and prebiotics?

    <p>Probiotics and prebiotics are currently being researched for their effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the complement system?

    <p>To attack and destroy bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of beneficial bacteria in the body?

    <p>To compete successfully against harmful organisms for food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanisms are referred to as nonspecific and present at birth?

    <p>The body's second line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

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