The Cranberry Juice Myth
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about bacteria?

  • Bacteria have a rigid cell wall. (correct)
  • Bacteria have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
  • Bacterial ribosomes are larger than human ribosomes.
  • Bacteria have multiple chromosomes.

What is the advantage of bacteria's small size?

  • Bacteria can break down raw sewage.
  • Bacteria have a high surface-to-volume ratio. (correct)
  • Bacteria can easily obtain raw materials from the environment.
  • Bacteria can produce commercial products.

Where do bacteria obtain raw materials?

  • From commercial products.
  • From the soil and air. (correct)
  • From other bacteria.
  • From human cells.

Which of the following is a key factor that determines the danger of a pathogen?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease caused a deadly pandemic in 1918, killing an estimated 50 million people worldwide?

<p>Influenza (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about prions is true?

<p>They cause mad cow disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanisms are referred to as nonspecific and present at birth?

<p>The innate defenses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when complement proteins create large holes through the bacterial cell wall?

<p>Lysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the activated complement proteins do when they form protein complexes?

<p>They create large holes through the bacterial cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about lymphatic vessels?

<p>They contain one-way valves to prevent backflow of lymph (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aids the flow in lymphatic vessels?

<p>Skeletal muscle contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lymph nodes?

<p>To fight infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest lymphatic organ in the body?

<p>Spleen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphatic tissue lies at the back of the nasal passages?

<p>Adenoids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the skin's barrier function is true?

<p>The skin's keratin forms a dry, tough barrier to entry by microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is found in tears and saliva that kills many bacteria?

<p>Lysozyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mucus in the body?

<p>To trap microorganisms and prevent them from accessing cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about diarrhea?

<p>It helps remove microorganisms from the digestive tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of beneficial bacteria in the body?

<p>To compete against harmful organisms for food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do beneficial bacteria reach the small and large intestine?

<p>They pass through the stomach with the food we eat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complement system?

<p>A group of plasma proteins that assist other defense mechanisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about bacterial infections?

<p>Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viruses?

<p>Viruses require a host cell to reproduce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viral infections?

<p>Viral infections can be prevented with vaccines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prions?

<p>Prions can propagate the misfolding process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about bacterial ribosomes?

<p>Bacterial ribosomes are smaller than human ribosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bacterial cell walls?

<p>To give bacteria their distinctive shapes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of bacteria's high surface-to-volume ratio?

<p>It allows bacteria to obtain raw materials and get rid of wastes through diffusion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphatic tissue often enlarges during early childhood but usually shrinks after age 5 and disappears by puberty?

<p>Adenoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the key attributes of the skin that make it an effective barrier against pathogens?

<p>Production of sweat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanism traps small particles and microorganisms, preventing them from gaining access to the cells beneath?

<p>Mucus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about vomiting?

<p>It is an effective way of ridding the body of toxic or infected stomach contents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the complement system?

<p>The complement system is part of the second line of defense in the body's immune response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when complement proteins form protein complexes?

<p>They create large holes through the bacterial cell wall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the complement system?

<p>To assist other defense mechanisms in attacking pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacterial infection and killed an estimated 25-40% of the European population between 1348 and 1350?

<p>Bubonic plague (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by a mosquito-borne virus and resulted in devastating neurological damage and microcephaly among babies born to infected women?

<p>Zika virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by a zoonotic virus and has become the biggest infectious challenge that the world has faced in 100 years?

<p>COVID-19 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion infection and has no known cure?

<p>Mad cow disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about bacterial infections?

<p>Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of beneficial bacteria in the body?

<p>Beneficial bacteria help in digestion and protect against harmful bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viruses?

<p>Viruses cannot grow and reproduce without access to a living cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about prions is true?

<p>Prions can self-propagate and cause misfolding of nearby normal forms of the protein. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the lymphatic vessels?

<p>Lymphatic vessels are aided by skeletal muscle contractions and pressure changes in the abdomen during respiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the spleen?

<p>To control the quality of circulating red blood cells and help fight infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thymus gland?

<p>To cause T lymphocytes to mature and take an active role in specific immune defenses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tonsils?

<p>To gather and filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat in food or air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about probiotics and prebiotics?

<p>Probiotics and prebiotics are currently being researched for their effectiveness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the complement system?

<p>To attack and destroy bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of beneficial bacteria in the body?

<p>To compete successfully against harmful organisms for food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanisms are referred to as nonspecific and present at birth?

<p>The body's second line of defense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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