The Cosmic Perspective 7e Chapter 14 Quiz 1
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Questions and Answers

What was the major drawback of Kelvin and Helmholtz's suggestion that the Sun stayed hot thanks to gravitational contraction?

  • It predicted that the Sun would shrink noticeably as we watched it, and the Sun appears to be stable in size.
  • It was proposed before Einstein's theory of general relativity and was therefore incorrect.
  • It predicted that Earth would also shrink, which would make it impossible to have stable geology on our planet.
  • It predicted that the Sun could last only about 25 million years, which is far less than the age of Earth. (correct)

    • When is/was gravitational contraction an important energy-generation mechanism for the Sun?

  • right after the Sun began fusing hydrogen in its core (correct)
  • when the Sun transports radiation through the convection zone
  • only during solar minimum
  • only during solar maximum

    • What do we mean when we say that the Sun is in gravitational equilibrium?

  • The Sun maintains a steady temperature.
  • The hydrogen gas in the Sun is balanced so that it never rises upward or falls downward. (correct)
  • This is another way of stating that the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion.
  • It predicted that Earth would also shrink, which would make it impossible to have stable geology on our planet.

    • What was one of the major drawbacks of the suggestion that the Sun stayed hot thanks to gravitational contraction?

    <p>It was limited by its prediction that the Sun could only last about 25 million years, much less than the age of Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two forces are balanced in gravitational equilibrium within the Sun?

    <p>Outward pressure and gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature of the surface of the Sun?

    <p>6,000 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is closest to the temperature of the core of the Sun?

    <p>1 million K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From the center outward, which of the following lists the 'layers' of the Sun in the correct order?

    <p>Core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Sun do we normally see?

    <p>Photosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on its surface temperature of 5,800 K, what color are most of the photons that leave the Sun's surface?

    <p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

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