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Questions and Answers
Which component is the main constituent of the lens capsule?
Which component is the main constituent of the lens capsule?
What type of junctions attach the lens epithelial cells to the underlying cortical fibers?
What type of junctions attach the lens epithelial cells to the underlying cortical fibers?
Which part of the lens forms the embryonic primary lens fibers?
Which part of the lens forms the embryonic primary lens fibers?
Which layer of the choroid is absent in pigs, squirrels, rodents, rabbits, kangaroos, llamas, and many nonhuman primates?
Which layer of the choroid is absent in pigs, squirrels, rodents, rabbits, kangaroos, llamas, and many nonhuman primates?
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What is the main source of nutrition for the outer layers of the retina?
What is the main source of nutrition for the outer layers of the retina?
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In primates, what is the irregular and serrated junction called where the anterior margin of the choroid joins the ciliary body?
In primates, what is the irregular and serrated junction called where the anterior margin of the choroid joins the ciliary body?
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Which organelles are limited to the perinuclear in small numbers in tapetal cells on the scleral side of the tapetum?
Which organelles are limited to the perinuclear in small numbers in tapetal cells on the scleral side of the tapetum?
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What is the main component of the fibrous tapetum in ungulates?
What is the main component of the fibrous tapetum in ungulates?
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Which blood vessels penetrate the tapetum in carnivores?
Which blood vessels penetrate the tapetum in carnivores?
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Where is the tapetum lucidum located in birds?
Where is the tapetum lucidum located in birds?
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Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?
Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?
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Which animals have a trilaminate structure of Bruch's membrane?
Which animals have a trilaminate structure of Bruch's membrane?
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Which species have no known accommodative mechanism?
Which species have no known accommodative mechanism?
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What is the refractive power of the lens in humans?
What is the refractive power of the lens in humans?
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Which type of nerve fibers are predominantly associated with the vascular system in the choroid?
Which type of nerve fibers are predominantly associated with the vascular system in the choroid?
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What is the function of the tapetum lucidum in animals?
What is the function of the tapetum lucidum in animals?
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Which animals have a tapetum fibrosum in their tapetal layer?
Which animals have a tapetum fibrosum in their tapetal layer?
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What is the most striking ultrastructural feature of tapetal cells in dogs and cats?
What is the most striking ultrastructural feature of tapetal cells in dogs and cats?
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Which layer of the eye contains a layer of nonvascular smooth muscle cells in birds?
Which layer of the eye contains a layer of nonvascular smooth muscle cells in birds?
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What is the function of the band or layer of smooth muscle within the suprachoroidea?
What is the function of the band or layer of smooth muscle within the suprachoroidea?
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What is the major source of oxygen and nutrients for the retina?
What is the major source of oxygen and nutrients for the retina?
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What distinguishes the avian choroid from the mammalian choroid?
What distinguishes the avian choroid from the mammalian choroid?
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Study Notes
Lens Structure
- The main constituent of the lens capsule is the basement membrane.
- Tight junctions attach the lens epithelial cells to the underlying cortical fibers.
- The embryonic primary lens fibers form in the posterior part of the lens.
Choroid Layer
- The choroid layer is absent in pigs, squirrels, rodents, rabbits, kangaroos, llamas, and many nonhuman primates.
- In primates, the irregular and serrated junction where the anterior margin of the choroid joins the ciliary body is called the ora serrata.
Retina Nutrition
- The main source of nutrition for the outer layers of the retina is the choroid.
Tapetum Structure
- In tapetal cells on the scleral side of the tapetum, organelles are limited to the perinuclear in small numbers.
- In ungulates, the main component of the fibrous tapetum is collagen.
- In carnivores, the blood vessels that penetrate the tapetum are choroidal vessels.
- In birds, the tapetum lucidum is located in the sclera.
Focusing Mechanism
- The lens is responsible for focusing light onto the retina.
Bruch's Membrane
- Some animals have a trilaminate structure of Bruch's membrane.
Accommodation Mechanism
- Some species have no known accommodative mechanism.
Lens Refractive Power
- The refractive power of the lens in humans is approximately 15-20 diopters.
Choroidal Nerve Fibers
- Predominantly, myelinated nerve fibers are associated with the vascular system in the choroid.
Tapetum Function
- The tapetum lucidum functions to reflect light back onto the retina, increasing the amount of light available for photoreception.
Tapetum Types
- Some animals have a tapetum fibrosum in their tapetal layer.
Tapetal Cells
- The most striking ultrastructural feature of tapetal cells in dogs and cats is the presence of ribosomes.
Avian Choroid
- The avian choroid contains a layer of nonvascular smooth muscle cells.
- The function of the band or layer of smooth muscle within the suprachoroidea is to regulate the choroidal blood flow.
Retinal Oxygenation
- The major source of oxygen and nutrients for the retina is the choroidal blood flow.
- The avian choroid is distinguished from the mammalian choroid by the presence of nonvascular smooth muscle cells.
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