The Concept of Man in Healthcare
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the six dimensions of wellness?

  • Physical (correct)
  • Spiritual
  • Social
  • Emotional
  • The Clinical Model of health views people as physiological systems and defines health as the absence of sickness.

    True (A)

    According to the Role Performance Model, what indicates health?

    The ability to fulfill societal roles.

    The Adaptive Model of health views health as a ______ process, where disease is seen as a failure in adaptation.

    <p>creative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Models of Health with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Clinical Model = Health is defined as the absence of sickness and focuses on the physiological systems. Role Performance Model = Health is defined by the ability to fulfill societal roles. Adaptive Model = Health is a creative process in which disease is a failure in adaptation. Eudaimonistic Model = Health is seen as the realization of one's potential and fulfillment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of wellness involves managing stress and expressing emotions effectively?

    <p>Emotional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spiritual wellness involves the belief in some force that unites human beings and provides meaning and purpose in life.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of environmental wellness?

    <p>Promoting health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors influences how clients and families react to changes in body image? (Select all that apply)

    <p>The availability of support services (A), The adaptive capacity of the individual and family (C), The types of changes in physical appearance (D), The rate of change in physical appearance (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client's self-concept is solely determined by their body image.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five stages of adjustment a client typically goes through when experiencing a change in body image?

    <p>Shock, withdrawal, acknowledgement, acceptance, and rehabilitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client's changing self-concept due to illness may lead to ______ or ______ within the family.

    <p>tension, conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Body Image = A subjective concept of physical appearance Self-Concept = A mental self-image of strengths and weaknesses in all aspects of personality Family Dynamics = The process by which the family functions, makes decisions, and copes with challenges Role Reversal = A change in the typical roles and responsibilities within a family, often occurring due to illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered one of the 4 attributes of a human being?

    <p>The need for material possessions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biological perspective views man primarily as a thinking and feeling being.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perspective views man as a being that interacts with others in cultural contexts?

    <p>social perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ view emphasizes individual dignity, autonomy, and the potential for self-actualization.

    <p>humanistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of man encompasses stress management and coping mechanisms?

    <p>Emotional Dimension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following perspectives of man with their descriptions:

    <p>Biological Perspective = Focuses on physical and physiological processes. Psychological Perspective = Considers man's thinking, feeling, and decision-making. Social Perspective = Deals with interactions, relationships, and cultural contexts. Spiritual Perspective = Relates to beliefs, values, and sense of purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of nursing, how is man viewed as?

    <p>a patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The existential view focuses on man's physical well-being and abilities

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of information sought by a sick person from a health professional?

    <p>Financial assistance for medical expenses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dependent client role is characterized by a complete relinquishment of responsibility and dependence on the professional for all aspects of life.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main classifications of illness based on duration?

    <p>Acute illness and chronic illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the stage of recovery or rehabilitation, the client is expected to ______ the dependent role.

    <p>relinquish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common emotional or behavioral change that can occur in response to severe illness?

    <p>Indifference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Short-term, non-life-threatening illnesses usually have a minimal impact on the client's and family's functioning.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of illness with their corresponding characteristics:

    <p>Stage 3: Medical Care Contact = Seeking medical advice and information. Stage 4: Dependent Client Role = Accepting the illness and relying on medical professionals for help. Stage 5: Recovery or Rehabilitation = Relinquishing the dependent role and returning to former responsibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides the nature of the illness, what other factors influence a client's behavioral and emotional reactions to illness?

    <p>The client's attitude towards the illness, the reaction of others to it, and the variables of illness behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory, how is health restored?

    <p>By modifying environmental factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content provided, a person's view of health is constant across different age groups, genders, race and cultures.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Virginia Henderson's Need Theory, how many basic needs does man have?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maslow's framework states that a basic need results in illness if it is ______.

    <p>absent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of basic human need as listed in the content?

    <p>Met in the same ways for everyone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing theorists with their core concept of man:

    <p>Florence Nightingale = Man is affected by the environment Virginia Henderson = Man has 14 basic needs Jean Watson = Man is a unique being to be cared for Dorothea Orem = Man has self-care needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definition provided, health is only the absence of disease.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what are the three aspects of well-being that comprise health?

    <p>physical, mental &amp; social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of tertiary prevention?

    <p>Minimizing effects of permanent disabilities and rehabilitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary prevention is aimed at individuals who are experiencing health problems.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one example of a health care delivery system.

    <p>Managed Care, Concierge Services, Self-Directed Services, or Telemedicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary prevention aims to reduce the severity of health problems through __________.

    <p>diagnosis and prompt intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following health care delivery systems with their descriptions:

    <p>Managed Care = Lowest priced service provision Concierge Services = Monthly payment for personal health services Self-Directed Services = Patients make their own health decisions Telemedicine = Assessments through technology without physical visits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does secondary prevention primarily target?

    <p>Individuals at risk of complications or worsening conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concierge services allow physicians to charge patients for access to services without a monthly fee.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tertiary prevention focuses on __________ rather than diagnosis and treatment.

    <p>rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Concept of Man

    The idea that guides individualized, holistic patient care.

    Biological Perspective

    Views man as a biological organism focused on survival and health.

    Psychological Perspective

    Sees man as a being capable of thought, emotions, and decisions.

    Social Perspective

    Considers man as a social entity that interacts and forms relationships.

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    Spiritual Perspective

    Recognizes man as a spiritual being with beliefs affecting health.

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    Holistic View

    Sees man as a unified whole, with connected physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions.

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    Humanistic View

    Emphasizes the dignity, autonomy, and self-actualization potential of man.

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    Emotional Dimension

    Includes mental health, emotions, and stress management aspects of man.

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    Social Wellness

    The ability to interact effectively and develop relationships with others.

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    Emotional Wellness

    The ability to manage stress and express emotions appropriately.

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    Intellectual Wellness

    The ability to learn and use information effectively for growth.

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    Spiritual Wellness

    Belief in a force that provides meaning and purpose in life.

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    Occupational Wellness

    The ability to balance work and leisure while achieving personal satisfaction.

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    Environmental Wellness

    The ability to promote health measures in the community.

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    Clinical Model of Health

    Health interpreted narrowly as the absence of disease.

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    Eudaimonistic Model of Health

    Health defined as the realization of one's potential and fulfillment.

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    Man as a Partner

    Actively involved in decision-making and care planning.

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    Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

    Health is affected by the environment; modify it to restore health.

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    Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory

    Identifies 14 basic needs nursing addresses to promote independence.

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    Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring

    Views individuals as unique beings deserving care and respect.

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    Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory

    Nursing intervenes when individuals can't meet their own self-care needs.

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    Characteristics of Basic Human Needs

    Needs are universal, interrelated, and can change based on factors.

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    Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

    Framework categorizing needs, with absence leading to illness.

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    Definition of Health

    A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, beyond just absence of disease.

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    Stage 3: Medical Care Contact

    When sick individuals seek advice from health professionals, either independently or influenced by others.

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    Types of Information in Stage 3

    Three main types: validation of illness, symptom explanation, and reassurance about recovery.

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    Stage 4: Dependent Client Role

    The phase where clients rely on professionals for assistance after accepting their illness.

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    Dependence Needs

    The varying levels of dependence on health professionals; some clients may find satisfaction in being cared for.

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    Stage 5: Recovery or Rehabilitation

    The stage where clients are expected to regain independence and resume their normal roles after illness.

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    Acute Illness

    A medical condition with severe symptoms but a short duration.

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    Chronic Illness

    A long-lasting medical condition, often persisting for six months or longer.

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    Behavioral & Emotional Changes

    Reactions to illness vary based on illness type and personal attitudes, influencing client and family's behavior.

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    Body Image

    The subjective perception of one's physical appearance.

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    Changes in Body Image

    Alterations in physical appearance due to illness or injury.

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    Adaptive Capacity

    The ability to adjust to changes in body image or situation.

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    Phases of Adjustment

    Stages clients experience during body image changes: shock, withdrawal, acknowledgement, acceptance, rehabilitation.

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    Self-Concept

    A mental picture of one's strengths and weaknesses.

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    Impact on Family Roles

    Changes in roles within the family due to a member’s illness.

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    Family Dynamics

    The interactions and relationships within a family structure.

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    Decision-Making Halt

    Temporary suspension of family activities and choices when illness strikes.

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    Primary Prevention

    True prevention applied to healthy individuals to promote health.

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    Health Promotion Activities

    Includes health education, immunization, and fitness activities to promote health.

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    Secondary Prevention

    Targets individuals with health problems to prevent complications and worsening conditions.

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    Tertiary Prevention

    Minimizes effects of permanent disabilities through rehabilitation and care.

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    Managed Care

    A coordinated approach to health care that emphasizes cost-effective services.

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    Concierge Services

    A health care model where patients pay for exclusive access to providers.

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    Self-Directed Services

    Allows patients to make their own health care decisions and choose providers.

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    Telemedicine

    Remote health care using technology like video calls for patient assessments.

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    Study Notes

    Concept of Man

    • The concept of man provides a framework for providing personalized, holistic, and quality healthcare.
    • Human beings possess the ability to think abstractly, form families, claim territory, and use language for cultural development.

    Definitions and Perspectives

    • Biological Perspective: Views man as a biological organism with physical and physiological processes vital for survival and health.
    • Psychological Perspective: Emphasizes man's thinking, feeling, and willing nature, encompassing understanding, decision-making, and emotional responses.
    • Social Perspective: Highlights man's social nature, emphasizing interactions with others, societal contexts, and cultural influences.
    • Spiritual Perspective: Recognizes man's spiritual dimension, including beliefs, values, and a sense of purpose which impact well-being.

    Philosophical Views of Man

    • Holistic View: Man is a unified whole, where physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions interact and influence each other.
    • Humanistic View: Focuses on individual dignity, autonomy, and self-actualization potential.
    • Existential View: Emphasizes man's ability to find meaning and purpose in life amid challenges.

    Man as a Holistic Being

    • Physical Dimension: Includes anatomy, physiology, nutrition, and daily living activities.
    • Emotional Dimension: Covers emotions, mental health, stress management, and coping mechanisms.
    • Social Dimension: Addresses relationships, roles, and cultural influences.
    • Spiritual Dimension: Involves beliefs, values, faith, and spiritual practices.

    Man in the Context of Nursing

    • Man as a Patient: Viewed as a recipient of care with unique needs and preferences.

    Key Nursing Theories and Their Concept of Man

    • Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory: Man's health is influenced by the environment, and improving the environment enhances health.
    • Virginia Henderson's Need Theory: Defines 14 basic needs that nurses address to support patient independence.
    • Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring: Man is a unique being deserving of care, respect, nurturing, and support for self-healing.
    • Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory: Emphasizes the concept of self-care needs, with nursing intervention when these needs cannot be met independently.

    Human Needs Model

    • Outlines 14 fundamental needs of man, including breathing, food/drink, elimination, posture maintenance, sleep/rest, clothing, internal environment regulation, keeping self clean, avoiding danger, communication, worship, work, play, and learning.

    Characteristics of Basic Human Needs

    • Universal
    • Met in various ways
    • Influenced by internal and external factors
    • Priorities may change
    • Needs may be deferred
    • Interrelated

    Maslow's Framework of Basic Needs

    • Explains that basic needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization) must be met before higher-level needs can be addressed.

    Concept of Health and Illness

    • Health: State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. It is defined by individual perspectives, values, personality, and lifestyle, which may vary among demographics.
    • Illness: A process reducing a person's functioning in one or more dimensions compared to their prior health state. It encompasses the effects on functioning, well-being, and the individual's experience.

    Risk Factors

    • Any situation, behavior, condition, or circumstance that increases vulnerability to illness or injury. Includes factors like genetics, physiology, lifestyle, environmental conditions, social and intellectual conditions, psychological conditions, and spiritual conditions.

    Wellness

    • An integrated method of functioning.
    • Maximizing a person's potential, recognizing or viewing health experiences.
    • Focuses on health beliefs that can be influenced by knowledge, misinformation, common sense, and expectations.

    Health Behaviors

    • Client's attitudes toward health

    Health Promotion

    • Activities that enhance and maintain health.
    • Examples include exercise, good nutrition, and positive lifestyle choices.

    Dimensions of Wellness

    • Physical: Ability to perform daily tasks, maintain fitness, proper nutrition, avoid harmful substances.
    • Social: Interaction, intimacy, tolerance, and respect for others; successful interactions with people and one's surroundings.
    • Emotional: Managing stress, expressing feelings, accepting one's limitations.
    • Intellectual: Learning, information use for personal, family, and career improvement.
    • Spiritual: Belief (nature, science, religion) to unite humans. Personal morals, values, and ethics.
    • Occupational: Work-leisure balance, contentment with career experiences, and personal fulfillment
    • Environmental: Maintaining a healthy environment. Healthy aspects of the environment includes considerations of food, water, and air quality.

    Models of Health and Wellness

    • Clinical Model: Focuses on the absence of disease.
    • Role Performance Model: Health is defined by fulfilling societal roles; sickness is not performing those roles.
    • Adaptive Model: Adaptability to the environment is central to health and illness; inability to adapt is considered a failure, leading to illness.
    • Eudaimonistic Model: Health is reaching one's potential and realizing one's potential, therefore illness is a barrier to these concepts.
    • Agent-Host-Environment Model: Examines interactions between an agent (cause), host (person), and environment. The model predicts illness rather than promoting wellness.

    Stages of Illness

    • Stage 1 (Symptom Experiences): Person recognizes something is wrong, experiences physical symptoms, and interprets those symptoms.
    • Stage 2 (Assumption of the Sick Role): The person accepts the sick role, seeks support from others, may delay professional help.
    • Stage 3 (Medical Care Contact): Seeks professional help, validation of illness, and reassurance.

    Stage 4 (Dependent Client Role)

    • The client relies on the health professional for help.

    Stage 5 (Recovery or Rehabilitation)

    • The client relinquishes the dependent role and resumes former roles/responsibilities as health improves.

    Classification of Illness and Disease

    • Acute Illness: Severe symptoms for a short duration.
    • Chronic Illness: Lasting for an extended period.
    • Behavioral & Emotional Changes: Illness often affects behaviors and emotions, depending on the nature of the illness.
    • Impact on Body Image: Concerns about physical appearance change and the impact on self-concept.
    • Impact on Self-Concept: Impacts on mental image/projected personality, including strengths, weaknesses, psychology, and spirituality.
    • Impact on Family Roles: Changes in roles and responsibilities within the family.
    • Impact on Family Dynamics: Changes in the family's functioning and decision-making process.
    • Levels of Preventive Care: Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

    Health Care Delivery Systems

    • Managed Care: A planned system to deliver healthcare at low cost, with doctors, nurses, and care facilities working together.
    • Concierge Services: Premium care, a monthly payment.
    • Self-Directed Services: Patients make their own healthcare decisions.
    • Telemedicine: Assessments and communication through technology.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the multifaceted concept of man, focusing on biological, psychological, social, and spiritual perspectives. Understand how these dimensions influence healthcare and personal well-being. Delve into the holistic view of human beings and their interactions with the world.

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