The Chemical Basis of Life: Subatomic Particles and Elements
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond do polar covalent bonded molecules like water have?

  • Hydrogen
  • Nonpolar covalent
  • Ionic (correct)
  • Metallic

Which type of reaction builds a new molecule and requires energy?

  • Decomposition reaction
  • Reversible reaction
  • Exchange reaction
  • Synthesis reaction (correct)

What occurs in reversible reactions?

  • Reactants are converted to new products
  • The reaction can run in the opposite direction (correct)
  • Products are converted to new reactants
  • Energy is not involved

In the reaction A+B→C+D, what are A and B referred to as?

<p>Reactants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity to do work defined as?

<p>Energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions involves a combination of synthesis and decomposition reactions?

<p>Exchange reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

<p>Short-term energy storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid type contains one or more double covalent bonds between carbons?

<p>Unsaturated fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general chemical composition ratio of carbohydrates in terms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

<p>1:2:1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organic molecule group is essential for building brain cells due to its requirement for glucose?

<p>Carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

<p>Increases the rate of the reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid type has a lower proportion of oxygen to carbon than carbohydrates?

<p>Unsaturated fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest particle of an element?

<p>Electron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which particle is located outside the nucleus of an atom?

<p>Electron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of protons in each atom known as?

<p>Atomic number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, what type of bonding occurs?

<p>Covalent bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is an unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?

<p>Polar covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bond is weaker than ionic or covalent bonds?

<p>Hydrogen bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms when the positive end of one polar molecule attracts the negative end of another polar molecule?

<p>Hydrogen bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical combination of 2 or more different types of atoms known as?

<p>Compound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is a formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds?

<p><em>Chemical reaction</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of energy that is stored in chemical bonds?

<p>Potential energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction that releases energy in the breakdown of ATP?

<p>ATP ADP + P (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a base?

<p>It is a proton (H+) acceptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between inorganic and organic chemistry?

<p>Inorganic chemistry deals with substances that do not contain carbon, while organic chemistry deals with substances that contain carbon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of carbon allows it to form large, diverse, and complicated molecules for life?

<p>Carbon's ability to form covalent bonds with other atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of enzymes?

<p>To increase the rate of biochemical reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can cause protein denaturation?

<p>Proper pH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA?

<p>Nucleotides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the protein actin?

<p>Muscle contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ATP?

<p>An important organic molecule found in all living organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main elements that make up proteins?

<p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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