The Chemical Basis of Life: Subatomic Particles and Elements

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What type of bond do polar covalent bonded molecules like water have?

Hydrogen

Nonpolar covalent

Ionic (correct)

Metallic

Which type of reaction builds a new molecule and requires energy?

Decomposition reaction

Reversible reaction

Exchange reaction

Synthesis reaction (correct)

What occurs in reversible reactions?

Reactants are converted to new products

The reaction can run in the opposite direction (correct)

Products are converted to new reactants

Energy is not involved

In the reaction A+B→C+D, what are A and B referred to as?

Reactants Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity to do work defined as?

Energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions involves a combination of synthesis and decomposition reactions?

Exchange reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Short-term energy storage Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid type contains one or more double covalent bonds between carbons?

Unsaturated fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the general chemical composition ratio of carbohydrates in terms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

1:2:1 Signup and view all the answers

Which organic molecule group is essential for building brain cells due to its requirement for glucose?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Increases the rate of the reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid type has a lower proportion of oxygen to carbon than carbohydrates?

Unsaturated fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest particle of an element?

Electron Signup and view all the answers

Which particle is located outside the nucleus of an atom?

Electron Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of protons in each atom known as?

Atomic number Signup and view all the answers

When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, what type of bonding occurs?

Covalent bonding Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is an unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?

Polar covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

Which bond is weaker than ionic or covalent bonds?

Hydrogen bond Signup and view all the answers

What forms when the positive end of one polar molecule attracts the negative end of another polar molecule?

Hydrogen bond Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical combination of 2 or more different types of atoms known as?

Compound Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is a formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds?

Chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of energy that is stored in chemical bonds?

Potential energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction that releases energy in the breakdown of ATP?

ATP ADP + P Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of a chemical reaction?

pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a base?

It is a proton (H+) acceptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between inorganic and organic chemistry?

Inorganic chemistry deals with substances that do not contain carbon, while organic chemistry deals with substances that contain carbon. Signup and view all the answers

What property of carbon allows it to form large, diverse, and complicated molecules for life?

Carbon's ability to form covalent bonds with other atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of enzymes?

To increase the rate of biochemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can cause protein denaturation?

Proper pH Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the protein actin?

Muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is ATP?

An important organic molecule found in all living organisms Signup and view all the answers

What are the main elements that make up proteins?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Signup and view all the answers