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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes matter with biological processes from matter that does not?
What distinguishes matter with biological processes from matter that does not?
- Composition of four eternal elements
- Ability to replicate in host cells
- Presence of souls and embodiment of both form and matter
- Capacity for homeostasis, organisation, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction (correct)
What makes defining viruses as living organisms difficult?
What makes defining viruses as living organisms difficult?
- They are harsh environments occupied only by extremophiles
- They exist in air, water, and soil
- They replicate only in host cells (correct)
- They result in a universal common ancestor
According to Empedocles's materialism, what was life composed of?
According to Empedocles's materialism, what was life composed of?
- Four eternal elements (correct)
- Ability to replicate in host cells
- Capacity for homeostasis, organisation, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction
- Presence of souls and embodiment of both form and matter
What did Aristotle's hylomorphism assert about living things?
What did Aristotle's hylomorphism assert about living things?
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Where has life been found to exist on Earth?
Where has life been found to exist on Earth?
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Study Notes
Biological Matter
- Biological matter is distinguished from non-biological matter by the presence of biological processes such as metabolism, homeostasis, and the ability to respond to stimuli, grow, reproduce, and evolve.
- The difficulty in defining viruses as living organisms lies in their inability to carry out metabolic processes independently and their requirement of a host cell to replicate.
Ancient Concepts of Life
- According to Empedocles's materialism, life was composed of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water.
- Aristotle's hylomorphism asserted that living things consist of both matter (hyle) and form (morphe), with the form being the essential aspects of a living thing that distinguish it from non-living matter.
Extent of Life on Earth
- Life has been found to exist almost everywhere on Earth, including extreme environments such as hot springs, Antarctic ice sheets, and deep-sea vents.
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