COPY: The Central Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary flow of genetic information in the Central Dogma?

  • RNA is used to make DNA is used to make Protein
  • Protein is used to make RNA is used to make DNA
  • DNA is used to make RNA is used to make Protein (correct)
  • RNA is used to make Protein is used to make DNA

What is the function of the transcribed region in a gene?

  • It acts as a binding site for repressor proteins
  • It serves as a template for the transcribed RNA (correct)
  • It recruits basal transcription factors
  • It regulates the activity of RNA polymerase

What is the primary mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes?

  • Positive regulation using transcriptional activators
  • Negative regulation using repressor proteins (correct)
  • Epigenetic modification of DNA
  • Gene silencing using RNA interference

What is the function of basal transcription factors in eukaryotes?

<p>They recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enhancers in gene regulation?

<p>They greatly increase transcription when bound by transcriptional activators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the transcription start site in a gene?

<p>It corresponds to the first nucleotide at the 5' end of the RNA product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation?

<p>Prokaryotes use negative regulation, while eukaryotes use positive regulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of regulatory transcription factors in eukaryotes?

<p>They bind to proximal control elements to modify transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the promoter in gene regulation?

<p>It recruits basal transcription factors to initiate transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 5' end of the RNA product in a gene?

<p>It corresponds to the transcription start site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

<p>To unwind DNA and assemble complementary RNA nucleotides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 5' cap and 3' polyA tail in mRNA?

<p>To protect the mRNA and aid in export to the cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of splicing in mRNA processing?

<p>Removal of introns and ligation of exons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

<p>To hydrogen bond with the proper codon on mRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ribosome in translation?

<p>To enzymatically assemble polypeptides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of translation initiation in eukaryotes?

<p>The small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA at the 5'-cap (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the release factor in translation?

<p>To halt translation when a stop codon is reached (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the promoter in transcription?

<p>To recognize the RNA polymerase and initiate transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of transcription termination?

<p>The RNA polymerase releases the RNA transcript (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a replication bubble and a transcription bubble?

<p>A replication bubble is formed during DNA replication, while a transcription bubble is formed during transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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